1/35. Herpetic tracheitis and brachial plexus neuropathy in a child with burns.Herpetic tracheobronchitis is a well-recognized clinical entity that most commonly occurs in immunocompromised patients, including patients with burns. Although the diagnosis of herpetic tracheobronchitis is usually not made until postmortem examination, the presence of the condition can be established when histologic specimens of a patient with upper airway obstruction are studied. In this article, a case is described in which a child developed herpetic tracheitis after undergoing elective intubation after the grafting of burns of the face, neck, and upper extremity. The tracheitis resulted in severe upper airway obstruction that required tracheal dilatation and sequential bronchoscopic excisions of granulation tissue. The patient also developed a brachial plexus neuropathy that was most likely related to herpetic infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/35. Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis (membranous croup).Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis (membranous croup), not previously described as a distinct entity, is characterized by diffuse inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi with adherent or semiadherent mucopurulent membranes in the subglottic trachea (conus elasticus) and in the upper trachea distal to the conus elasticus. We reviewed 28 cases of membranous croup diagnosed by endoscopy and/or radiographic examination. The importance of the recognition of membranous croup as a distinct entity is discussed. The characteristic radiologic findings consist of subglottic tracheal narrowing, irregularity of contour of the proximal tracheal mucosa, and sometimes detached or partially detached proximal tracheal membranes, which can be mistaken for tracheal foreign bodies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/35. Aspergillus laryngotracheobronchial infection in a 6-year-old girl following bone marrow transplantation.Localised fungal infection of the larynx and tracheobronchial tree is extremely uncommon. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl with acute lymphocytic leukaemia, who developed symptoms of upper airways obstruction 6 months after a cord blood transplant. bronchoscopy showed a pale plaque lesion in the larynx and tracheobronchial tree. aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from a biopsy of the lesion. The patient was treated successfully with a prolonged course of amphotericin b and assessed with multiple surveillance bronchoscopies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/35. Tracheobronchial involvement with Crohn's disease.We report the case of a young woman with Crohn's disease of the bowel who presented with a purulent tracheobronchitis and life-threatening upper airway obstruction. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated severe tracheal and upper bronchial pseudotumours and stenosis. The role of recent discontinuation of corticosteroids, for quiescent inflammatory bowel disease, in the development of endobronchial disease and the dramatic response in airway patency after reintroduction of prednisolone in this rare complication of Crohn's disease are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/35. Bag-mask ventilation as a temporizing measure in acute infectious upper-airway obstruction: does it really work?jaw-thrust and bag-mask ventilation usually provide adequate oxygenation in patients with acute infectious upper-airway obstruction (AIUAO). It is the treatment of choice for patients on the way to hospital or in an emergency department until definitive stabilization is achieved with available resources. We report three fatal case studies showing ineffective bag-mask ventilation in AIUAO that raise concerns over this treatment. Case 1 is a 4-year-old patient with epiglottitis who suffered complete obstruction during transport to the hospital. Case 2 is a 3-year-old patient with epiglottitis who suffered complete obstruction during transport to the hospital. Case 3 is a 3-year-old child with viral laryngotracheitis and respiratory arrest just after the admission. Should the approach of bag-mask ventilation in AIUAO change to ventilate patients in the prone position? This approach offers two advantages. First, gravity helps the epiglottis fall forward, reducing the airway obstructions. Second, if the patient vomits during ventilation, the vomit will fall to the floor. During bag-mask ventilation in patients with severe partial airway obstruction, ventilation pressure is high. Gastric inflation may occur and rapidly distend the stomach. This gastric distension interferes with ventilation by elevating the diaphragm, resulting in a decreased lung volume. Cricoid pressure could prevent gastric distension in these instances and should be recommended.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6666666666667keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/35. Pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.We report a case of severe tracheobronchitis caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a man exhibiting symptoms of upper airway obstruction after infection with influenza. bronchoscopy revealed diffuse pseudomembrane formation throughout the trachea and bilateral bronchi, which were nearly obstructed. In this case, it was helpful to perform bronchoscopy, protected brushing and tracheotomy immediately in order to avoid choking.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/35. Bacterial tracheitis with upper airway obstruction in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Bacterial tracheitis after an upper viral respiratory infection is a well-recognized entity in the pediatric literature. Bacterial tracheitis has only recently been reported in adults, and it is a potentially life-threatening illness. We report a case of bacterial tracheitis in a patient with AIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6666666666667keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/35. airway obstruction and acute respiratory failure due to Aspergillus tracheobronchitis.OBJECTIVE: To report a patient with lymphoma who developed Aspergillus tracheobronchitis resulting in airway obstruction and acute respiratory failure. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. PATIENT: A 22-yr-old female with lymphoma who developed a respiratory infection 3 months after completing immunosuppressive therapy. She was treated empirically with broad spectrum antibiotics and subsequently received a supplementary chemotherapeutic course. Soon afterward she developed severe respiratory failure. Chest radiograph showed atelectasis of the right upper and lower lobes. INTERVENTIONS: Emergent mechanical ventilation; fiberoptic bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed extensive obstruction of both main and subsegmental bronchi with a solid mass strongly adhered to the bronchial wall; both histologic examination and culture of that mass revealed Aspergillus. The patient died of refractory hypoxemia a few days later. CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillus tracheobronchitis should be considered in immunocompromised patients with suspected lung infection even when the main radiographic finding is atelectasis. bronchoscopy and histologic examination of identified intraluminal material should be performed as soon as possible.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/35. Tracheal sounds in upper airway obstruction.A boy with subglottic narrowing secondary to laryngotracheitis presented with noisy breathing. Acoustic measurements of tracheal sounds at standardized air flows correlated well with the clinical course and with spirometric assessments. This indicates the potential value of respiratory sound characterization in patients with upper airway obstruction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6666666666667keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/35. Pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus in immunocompromised patients.We report 2 cases of Aspergillus pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis in patients with diabetes. The first patient succumbed to progressive obstructive respiratory failure despite mechanical ventilation and antifungal therapy. However, the second patient survived. Aspergillus tracheobronchitis should be considered in immuno-compromised patients presenting with cough, chest pain, fever, dyspnea and upper airway obstruction. Early bronchoscopy and histologic examination should be performed. Early, appropriate treatment may be life saving.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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