1/12. Tuberculous ulcer of the tongue as presenting feature of pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection.Tuberculosis (TB), once a lethal disease, has shown a decrease in incidence with improved public health measures and availability of antituberculous drugs. But with the advent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it has re-emerged alarmingly as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Lungs are the most commonly affected organs and involvement of the oropharyngeal region in TB is very rare. Two cases of TB manifesting as ulcer of the tongue are reported here. Interestingly, both of these cases were reported within a span of six months and both of the patients were in their early thirties. A primary diagnosis of both pulmonary TB and HIV sero-positivity was made after the diagnosis of the oral TB ulcer.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/12. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniasis in an adult HIV negative patient.This is a case report of a 29 year old male with pneumocystis pneumonia and tuberculosis, and who was initially suspected of having HIV infection, based on risk factor analyses, but was subsequently shown to be HIV negative. The patient arrived at the hospital with fever, cough, weight loss, loss of appetite, pallor, and arthralgia. In addition, he was jaundiced and had cervical lymphadenopathy and mild heptosplenomegaly. He had interstitial infiltrates of the lung, sputum smears positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis and pneumocystis carinii, and stool tests were positive for strongyloides stercoralis and schistosoma mansoni. He was diagnosed as having AIDS, and was treated for tuberculosis, pneumocystosis, and strongyloidiasis with a good response. The patient did not receive anti-retroviral therapy, pending outcome of the HIV tests. A month later, he was re-examined and found to have worsening hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, fever, and continued weight loss. At this time, it was determined that his HIV ELISA antibody tests were negative. A bone marrow aspirate was done and revealed amastigotes of leishmania, and a bone marrow culture was positive for Leishmania species. He was treated with pentavalent antimony, 20 mg daily for 20 days, with complete remission of symptoms and weight gain. This case demonstrates that immunosuppression from leishmaniasis and tuberculosis may lead to pneumocystosis, and be misdiagnosed as HIV infection. The occurrence of opportunistic infections in severely ill patients without HIV must always be considered and alternate causes of immunosuppression sought.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/12. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and its association with other opportunistic infections in AIDS--an autopsy report of five cases.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) has been reported as one of the opportunistic pathogens in AIDS. The significance of this pathogen in AIDS is well established so that, the diagnosis of PCP in an adult simultaneously establishes the diagnosis of AIDS. This point is well emphasised in the CDC case definition of AIDS. In western literature, the occurrence of PCP in AIDS is widely reported. However, in Indian literature only sporadic case reports have been documented. This study reports 5 cases of PCP encountered amongst 34 AIDS-autopsies studied. PCP alone was present in 2 cases. It is worth noting that it was simultaneously associated with cryptococcosis, tuberculosis and CMV in 3 remaining cases, highlighting the need for extensive investigations even after establishing the diagnosis of PCP in a known full blown AIDS patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/12. Two young female patients with anorexia nervosa complicated by mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) seldom present with infectious illness, despite malnutrition-induced immunodeficiency. We described two young women who had a long-standing history of severe emaciation and pulmonary or lymph node tuberculosis discovered during the treatment of AN. Both patients reported a positive history of BCG vaccination. contact tracing failed to reveal sources of infection, although the tuberculosis was considered transferred. Since the decline of notification rates for tuberculosis have been stagnant and outbreaks in schools or hospitals have been increasing in japan, special attention must be given to the possibility of opportunistic infections in AN patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/12. diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis complicating HIV infection: superiority of sputum smear over bronchoalveolar lavage.Tuberculosis should be prominently considered in the differential diagnosis when an HIV-infected patient has respiratory symptoms. sputum smears and culture for acid-fast organisms should always be obtained. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy to exclude other concurrent opportunistic infections is appropriate because pneumocystis carinii complicates as many as 25% of the cases of pulmonary TB, but acid-fast sputum smears should always be obtained. It should not be assumed that bronchoalveolar lavage is superior to expectorated sputum smear for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/12. Successful administration of aggressive chemotherapy concomitant to tuberculostatic and highly active antiretroviral therapy in a patient with AIDS-related Burkitt's lymphoma.Treatment of AIDS-related malignant lymphoma (ARL) remains a therapeutic challenge. There are concerns not only about infectious and haematological complications in HIV-infected patients during intensive chemotherapy, but also about potential interactions between chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Current data on patients treated concomitantly with intensive chemotherapy and HAART are limited, and no data exist on patients with ARL suffering from active opportunistic infections. We report the case of a 38-year-old man with advanced hiv-1 infection, pulmonary tuberculosis and Burkitt's lymphoma. Intensive chemotherapy was administered in parallel with tuberculostatic therapy and HAART. Six months later, the patient achieved not only a complete remission of Burkitt's lymphoma and sustained viral suppression, but also a full recovery from tuberculosis. This case report provides some useful observations on the successful application of intensive chemotherapy in addition to tuberculostatic therapy and HAART in HIV-infected patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/12. Pulmonary tuberculosis in lung and heart-lung transplantation: fifteen years of experience in a single center in spain.The increase in the number of solid organ transplants has resulted in an increased incidence of opportunistic infections, including infection by typical and atypical mycobacteria, with risk of developing tuberculosis. Pretransplant chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid has become increasingly common in an attempt to prevent the disease. The source of infection in tuberculosis (TB) may be difficult to identify. Infection may be caused by reactivation of a primary infection in the recipient, reactivation of a lesion from the donor lung, or primary infection. There are few reports on TB in lung transplantation. incidence in the reported series ranges from 6.5% to 10%. Our series of 7 patients out of a total 271 patients (2.58%) represents a rate higher than reported for the general Spanish population, 26.7/10(5) inhabitants and for lung transplant candidates (0.18%). Our aim was to evaluate the incidence, clinical signs, and outcome of TB in our series of patients undergoing lung transplantation in the 15 years since inception of the program (February 1990 to December 2004). morbidity and mortality was high (42.8%), but limited to patients in whom treatment was not administered or could not be successfully completed. However, early detection and treatment are essential.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/12. mycobacterium tuberculosis pneumonia in two HIV antibody positive patients.The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with the development of opportunistic infections. We report the cases of two HIV antibody positive male partners who developed pneumonia responding to antituberculous therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/12. hiv-2-associated AIDS in the united states. The first case.A 41-year-old woman from the cape verde islands, africa, who had been residing in the united states for 11 months was found to have human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Antibody to hiv-2 was found by enzyme immunoassay and was verified by radioimmunoprecipitation. The patient was being treated for pulmonary tuberculosis at the time of her admission to our institution. Further laboratory and clinical evaluation at our facility revealed depressed CD4 lymphocytes, oral candidiasis, and cryptococcal meningitis with indeterminate results on serologic testing for HIV type 1 (hiv-1). The biopsy specimen of a lesion in the right occipital lobe of the brain documented toxoplasma gondii, indicating a clinical diagnosis of AIDS. To our knowledge, our study presents the first known patient with hiv-2-associated AIDS in the united states. Our patient provides further evidence that hiv-2 causes severe immunodeficiency and opportunistic infection. The condition should be suspected in the face of normal or repeatedly equivocal hiv-1 antibody test results in the presence of clinically documented AIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/12. Chest infection due to M. fortuitum in a case of lepromatous leprosy--a case report.Lepromatous leprosy cases may be immunocompromised due to the extensive disease and also because of steroid therapy for repeated reactions. Such patients are likely to be at higher risk for getting opportunistic infection due to various environmental microbes. This paper reports a case of lepromatous leprosy with repeated lepra reaction who was found to have chest infection due to M. fortuitum. It is suggested that mycobacterial culture and sensitivity should be recommended in cases who are immunocompromised and whose pathological specimens contain acid fast bacilli. Species identification and sensitivity can be very helpful in proper management of such cases who will otherwise pass off as tuberculosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = opportunistic infection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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