1/348. myocardial infarction and Turner's syndrome.This paper reports the case of a patient with Turner's syndrome, who developed a myocardial infarction at the age of 36. Turner's syndrome, associated with gonadal insufficiency, increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular risks that must be assessed during the patient's follow-up.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ring (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/348. Triple X female and Turner's syndrome offspring.A mentally retarded young female having 47 chromosomes with a triple X karotype produced a child with Turner's syndrome associated with mental defeciency. To our knowledge this is the first example of a triple X female giving birth to a child with Turner's syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 79.884408381399keywords = chromosome, ring (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/348. Punctate epiphyses associated with turner syndrome.The radiographic observation of stippled calcification in cartilage defines the chondrodysplasia punctata group of bone dysplasias. Several other diseases may be associated with the radiographic finding of punctate epiphyses, usually uncommonly - for example, trisomy 21. Other more subtle chromosomal abnormalities also associated with punctate epiphyses include microdeletions of the X chromosome. A case of turner syndrome with punctate calcification of the epiphyses is described.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 75.884408381399keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/348. Two male patients with ring Y: definition of an interval in Yq contributing to turner syndrome.turner syndrome is thought to result from the haploinsufficiency of genes on the sex chromosomes, but these genes have not been identified yet. We describe two males with deleted ring Y chromosomes, one (TS) with full turner syndrome and one (DM) without. TS has short stature, skeletal anomalies, lymphogenic obstruction, cardiovascular abnormalities, and miscellaneous features including pigmented naevi, antimongoloid slanting of the palpebral fissures, and widely spaced nipples. In contrast, DM has short stature but no other specific Turner stigmata except high arched palate and a few pigmented naevi. Since little chromosomal mosaicism was detected, the different segments of the y chromosome retained by these two males identify the location of one or more "anti-Turner" genes. Most of the Yp pseudoautosomal region and Yq were deleted from both patients during the formation of the ring chromosome, while the Y specific portion of Yp and the centromere were retained. The major difference detected was an interval of proximal Yq present in DM and deleted in TS. None of the previously identified genes, DFFRY, DBY, UTY, or TB4Y, lies entirely within this interval, although DFFRY was truncated by DM's breakpoint. These data suggest that one or more additional "anti-Turner" gene(s) remains to be identified in the region of Yq proximal to DFFRY.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 315.85966219642keywords = chromosome, ring chromosome, ring (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/348. A novel sex-determining region on Y (SRY) nonsense mutation identified in a 45,X/47,XYY female.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an SRY mutation participated in the phenotypic outcome in the case of a 45,X/47,XYY female. DESIGN: Analysis of genomic dna for mutations in SRY. SETTING: An academic teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): A family that included one phenotypic female with 45,X/47,XYY mosaicism. INTERVENTION(S): Extraction of dna, polymerase chain reaction analysis, nucleotide sequencing, and restriction enzyme analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Comparison of control and subject dna sequences. RESULT(S): The patient demonstrated one nucleotide (thymine, T) deletion at position 422, leading to a frame-shift mutation. This mutation changes the codon for Tyr (TAT) to a stop codon (TAG) within the open reading frame just upstream of a conserved dna-binding motif. Neither other mutations nor nucleotide mosaicisms were found in the remaining regions of the gene. This mutation was not present in the patient's normal father. CONCLUSION(S): The mutant SRY may be assumed to induce a nonfunctional SRY-coded protein that lacks a dna-binding motif. These results explain the phenotypic female and the gonadal dysgenesis in the 45,X/ 47,XYY sex-reversed offspring.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ring (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/348. Cri du chat and turner syndrome features in a newborn girl with an unbalanced 45,X,psu dic(5;X)(p15.2;p22.1) karyotype: FISH and replication banding studies.A newborn girl with features of Turner and Cri du chat syndromes was found to have a pseudodicentric 5;X chromosome. Her karyotype was 45,X, psu dic(5;X)(p15.2;p22.1). The net result was monosomy for 5p15.2-pter and Xp22.1-pter. fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed the Cri du chat region was deleted. Replication banding studies to assess the X-inactivation pattern found only the X portion of the pseudodicentric chromosome to be late replicating without any apparent spread of inactivation into chromosome 5 segment. There are only two cases reported with a dicentric X; autosome. In this paper, we compare the cytogenetics of the present case and those in the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 227.6532251442keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/348. Social, communicational, and behavioral deficits associated with ring X turner syndrome.We describe the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of five individuals with a ring X chromosome. All subjects had a small active (early replicating) ring X chromosome. The X inactive specific transcript (XIST) locus was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) to be present in all ring X chromosomes. Mental retardation was present in four individuals. All patients with or without mental retardation had a characteristic profile of aggression toward self and others, episodes of screaming, attentional problems, and impulsiveness. Autistic-like features were also present in all individuals and included limited communication, obsessive compulsive behavior, and social difficulties. In some cases the obsessive behavior was extreme and incapacitating. This characteristic behavioral profile may aid the diagnosis and future understanding of ring X.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 235.6532251442keywords = chromosome, ring (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/348. Paternal sex chromosome aneuploidy as a possible origin of turner syndrome in monozygotic twins: case report.The meiotic or mitotic origin of most cases of turner syndrome remains unknown, due to the difficulty in detecting hidden mosaicisms and to the lack of meiotic segregation studies. We have had the opportunity to study one pair of monozygotic twins concordant for turner syndrome of paternal origin. The paternal origin of the single X chromosome was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. No mosaicism was detected for the X or y chromosome. In this case, a meiotic error during gametogenesis would be a likely origin of X monosomy. To determine if meiotic errors are more frequent in the father of these monozygotic twins concordant for turner syndrome of paternal origin, molecular studies in spermatozoa were conducted to analyse sex chromosome numerical abnormalities. A total of 12520 sperm nuclei from the twins' father and 85338 sperm nuclei from eight normal donors were analysed using three-colour fluorescent in-situ hybridization. There were significant differences between the twins' father and control donors for XY disomy (0.22 versus 0.11%, P < 0.001) and total sex chromosome disomy (0.38 versus 0.21%, P < 0.001). These results could indicate an increased tendency to meiotic sex chromosome non-disjunction in the father of the Turner twins.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 683.95967543259keywords = chromosome, ring (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/348. Extensive cytogenetic studies of clonality following interferon-alpha therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia occurring in monosomic cells in a patient with turner syndrome mosaic.In a 27-year-old female with turner syndrome mosaic, philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) occurred only in the monosomic cells (45, Xc). Extensive cytogenetic studies, including triple-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), revealed that Ph-positive monosomic cells (45, Xc), Ph-negative monosomic cells and normal diploid cells (46, XX) were present in her bone marrow at diagnosis. After successful interferon therapy, the non-leukemia cells expanded and reconstituted normal hematopoiesis resulting in complete cytogenetic response, following the selective suppression of the monosomic Ph-positive leukemia clone. The ratio of Xc to XX cells in bone marrow cells was significantly increased to that in skin fibroblasts. Moreover, the ratio of Ph-positive cells to Ph-negative cells was found to be significantly different between karyotyping and FISH. Studies of this quite unique case not only confirmed the clonality of CML, effectiveness of interferon-alpha and X chromosome imbalance among different tissues, but also demonstrated a discrepant increase of the BCR/ABL-positive clone in CML. The latter supports the hypothesis that reduced programmed cell death may be the primary mechanism responsible for the expansion of the leukemia clone in CML. Our study verifies the importance of extensive analysis of a neoplastic disease in patients with a constitutional chromosomal abnormality.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 155.7688167628keywords = chromosome, ring (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/348. Detection of TSPY protein in a unilateral microscopic gonadoblastoma of a Turner mosaic patient with a Y-derived marker chromosome.Gonadoblastomas are seen almost exclusively in dysgenetic gonads of patients with a chromosomal mosaicism of 45,X and an additional Y-bearing cell line. This paper presents a case of a Turner mosaic patient with 45,X/46,X, mar karyotype, who developed a unilateral microscopic gonadoblastoma. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis confirmed a Y-chromosomal origin of the marker chromosome, with a deletion of the distal Yq arm and the proposed region of a so far undefined gonadoblastoma locus (GBY) present. One of the candidate genes within the postulated GBY region is TSPY (testis-specific protein Y-encoded). To study the TSPY protein expression, an anti-fusion protein antibody was used for immunohistochemistry of the patient's gonads. In contrast to the dysgenetic gonad, an intense immunoreaction was found in gonadoblastoma tumour cells of the other gonad. These results confirm the high level of TSPY protein expression by these cells and demonstrate the value of this antibody as an additional marker to confirm the diagnosis of gonadoblastoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 380.422041907keywords = chromosome, ring (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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