1/106. lung development in diamniotic twins discordant for complete urinary tract obstruction.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of anhydramnios on the lung development of 1 twin in the presence of a normal amniotic fluid volume in its diamniotic co-twin. methods: Three sets of diamniotic twins, discordant for complete urinary tract obstruction and anhydramnios, were followed prospectively with regular ultrasound scans and after delivery. RESULTS: All 3 twins with complete urinary tract obstruction and anhydramnios died within 2 days after birth, with confirmed severe pulmonary hypoplasia. In every case the twin with a normal amount of surrounding amniotic fluid had a normal postnatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The observation that a normal amniotic fluid volume in one sac does not protect the anhydramniotic twin from pulmonary hypoplasia has important implications for the aetiology of the condition and for the possibility of therapeutic septostomy. These results are discussed in relation to previous human and animal studies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/106. Retroperitoneal iliac fossa abscess presenting as primary disease of the genitourinary tract.An iliac fossa abscess is a clinical entity that has not been described in the urologic literature. Three patients presenting with urologic symptoms were evaluated and found to have iliac fossa abscesses. It is important for the urologist to be aware of the existence, diagnosis and treatment of this entity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/106. A case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by obstructive uropathy due to prostate cancer.Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) secondary to chronic urinary tract obstruction is a rare disease. The exact cause is unknown but it is likely that increased collecting duct pressures cause damage to the tubular epithelium, resulting in insensitivity to the action of arginine-vasopressin (AVP). A 77-year-old man complaining of polyuria and polydipsia was treated with alpha glucosidase inhibitor under the impression of polyuria due to diabetes mellitus. But his symptoms did not improve. water deprivation and AVP administration study revealed that the patient had nephrogenic DI. Urinary tract obstruction due to an enlarged prostate was suggested as a principal cause of nephrogenic DI. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the prostate and bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy. After surgery, the urine osmolarity was normalized and the patient became symptom-free. We report a case of nephrogenic DI due to obstructive uropathy which was cured by surgery eliminating obstruction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/106. Symptomatic paraurethral corpus spongiosum cyst in a male patient.The case of a 25-year-old man presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms who was found to have a noninflammatory posterior corpus spongiosum cyst is presented. The case was successfully managed by surgical excision and presents an uncommon cause of lower urinary tract dysfunction through irritation of the posterior urethra.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/106. In utero repair of rectal atresia after complete resection of a sacrococcygeal teratoma.PURPOSE: A case of a fetus with a prenatally diagnosed sacrococcygeal teratoma that produced high-output cardiac failure, hydrops, rectal atresia, and urinary tract obstruction is presented. The unique prenatal surgical management along with the embryogenesis of tumor-related rectal atresia is discussed. CASE REPORT: A large fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma with a significant intrapelvic component was detected at routine ultrasound in a 35-year-old gravida 3 para 2. Fetal hydrops developed rapidly due to high-output cardiac failure from the vascular 'steal' by the growing tumor. The urinary tract was obstructed due to the intrapelvic tumors mass. At 27 weeks' gestation, the female fetus underwent hysterotomy, resection of the entire mass and urinary diversion via bilateral flank ureterostomies. The rectum was found to be completely atretic due to apparent encasement by the tumor. Pull-through anorectoplasty was carried out concurrently. At 30 weeks' gestation, the mother developed preterm labor and a 1.8-kg was delivered by cesarean section. The baby did very well for 3 days but had a cardiac arrest and died due to an atrial perforation by a transfemoral venous catheter. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first report of a complete prenatal resection of a sacrococcygeal teratoma with concomitant pull-through anorectoplasty for rectal atresia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/106. Symptomatic crystalluria associated with indinavir.OBJECTIVE: To report a case of severe and recurrent crystalluria resulting from the use of indinavir and to review the literature describing this adverse effect. CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old hiv-positive white woman had recurrent episodes of left-sided flank pain accompanied by dilation of the left renal collecting system while undergoing treatment with a triple-drug regimen including indinavir 1200 mg every 12 hours (full dosage). Typical indinavir crystalluria was observed, with no evidence of stones. Acute episodes were treated with intravenous fluids, diclofenac, and ciprofloxacin. Crystalluria and clinical symptoms eventually resolved with withdrawal of indinavir and substitution with a different protease inhibitor. Renal function remained normal. DISCUSSION: A wide spectrum of disorders of the urinary tract can occur in subjects taking indinavir, with potentially severe complications caused by crystalluria and stones. indinavir is excreted in the urine; the low solubility of those crystals is the critical factor accounting for the risk of stone formation. An elevated pH with a reduced excretion of citric acid contributes to the low urinary solubility of indinavir. Pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs, leading to elevated plasma concentrations of indinavir, and dehydration could also increase the risk of stone formation. The impact on renal function can be unfavorable over the long-term period. Cornerstones of treatment and prevention are increased fluid intake and possibly urinary acidification. Emergency drainage may be required for patients with severe obstruction. Reducing the dosage of indinavir has been proposed, but this carries the risk of viral mutations with development of resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with indinavir can result in crystalluria with potentially severe obstruction. All patients taking indinavir, not only those with documented crystalluria or renal effects from the drug, should greatly increase their fluid intake and have renal function checked at baseline and then monitored regularly. urinalysis also should be performed regularly for appropriate monitoring and prevention.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.50196362277413keywords = urinary, stone (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/106. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.OBJECTIVE: To report a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) associated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). CASE SUMMARY: A 34-year-old Asian woman developed a severe, desquamating mucocutaneous reaction (TEN) after six days of taking TMP/SMX to treat a presumed urinary tract infection (UTI). DISCUSSION: TMP/SMX is often recommended as first-line therapy for UTIs, sinusitis, bronchitis, and as prophylaxis and treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. TEN is a rare, but severe condition associated with sulfonamide use. This article describes a typical case and offers an opportunity for review of this potentially serious reaction. CONCLUSIONS: sulfonamides are often implicated in the majority of drug-induced cases of TEN. This case report illustrates the typical presentation of sulfonamide-induced TEN with a prodrome, characteristic rash, mucous membrane lesions, and systemic involvement. Practitioners should be aware of this rare adverse effect and closely observe patients for cutaneous manifestations or complaints. Any suspected drug should be discontinued if clinical evaluation leads to the suspicion of stevens-johnson syndrome or TEN.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/106. Endoluminal sonographic imaging of upper urinary tract: three-dimensional reconstruction.Two-dimensional endoluminal sonographic imaging of the ureter demonstrates the periureteral anatomy, as well as define lesions within the ureteral wall. It has been used for evaluation of a wide range of abnormalities, including ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstructions, crossing vasculature at an obstructed UPJ, ureteral and renal pelvic neoplasms, and the obstructed ureter. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of two-dimensional (2D) sonographic imaging is a new technique applicable to intraluminal imaging. It offers advantages over 2D imaging by demonstrating the spatial relation of anatomic structures that cannot be appreciated using conventional imaging. We have evaluated a number of ureters with various pathology using 2D endouminal sonography. In this paper, we present three cases in which we have used 3D reconstruction to gain a clearer understanding of the pathology. Although still early in its application, 3D endoluminal reconstruction has potential to be a clinically useful aid to surgical decision-making.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/106. The correlation of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 with benign hydronephrosis.PURPOSE: High serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in patients with hydronephrosis but without malignant disease is reportedly rare but to our knowledge the clinical features of hydronephrosis that affect this level have not yet been clarified. We examined the correlation of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 with hydronephrosis status in patients with benign hydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND methods: We used 123 serum samples from 68 patients with and 55 without hydronephrosis. All patients enrolled in this study had no malignant disease. serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was measured by immunoradiometric assay and that level was correlated with clinical factors. RESULTS: serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in patients with hydronephrosis was significantly higher than in those without hydronephrosis (p <0.0001). The serum level was elevated to greater than 37 units per ml. in 25% of the patients with but in only 1.8% of those without hydronephrosis. In the hydronephrosis group the clinical features that significantly correlated with the increased serum level were bilateral hydronephrosis, urinary tract infection, proteinuria, increased serum blood urea nitrogen, severe urinary tract occlusion and high grade hydronephrosis. CONCLUSIONS: serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was significantly elevated in patients with benign hydronephrosis. hydronephrosis causes false-positive results when screening for malignant disease by serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 measurement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/106. diagnosis of histoplasmosis in urine cytology: reactive urothelial changes, a diagnostic pitfall. Case report and literature review of urinary tract infections.histoplasmosis not uncommonly causes systemic infection, particularly in immunocompromised patients. In systemic infection, the urinary tract is often involved, although the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in urine cytologic specimens has never been reported. Urinary tract histoplasmosis may present with gross hematuria, raising clinical suspicion for malignancy. The index case presented with intermittent gross hematuria, suprapubic pain, significant weight loss, hoarse voice, and a painful tongue ulcer. Examination of the patient revealed an ulcerated tongue lesion, an anal ulcer, a polypoid lesion on the vocal cord, and cystoscopic examination of the urinary bladder revealed erythematous patchy areas. Surgical biopsy sections from the vocal cord and tongue lesion were diagnostic of histoplasma infection. urine cytologic examination showed atypical urothelial cells suspicious for malignancy. However, fungal stains performed on the urine specimen showed histoplasma organisms. We conclude that with a high index of suspicion, and the use of special stains, histoplasma organisms can be identified in urine.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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