1/16. calciphylaxis, a poorly understood clinical syndrome: three case reports and a review of the literature.Systemic calcification syndromes are a recognized complication occurring in some patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. These patients develop severe livedo reticularis and subcutaneous tissue lesions progressing to frank necrosis and ultimately large areas of eschar. Clinically this syndrome is known as calciphylaxis; these lesions are usually resistant to aggressive debridement, systemic antibiotics, and revascularization procedures. We report three patients with somewhat different clinical presentations but all sharing a common link of exquisitely painful leg ulcers initially being treated as ischemic lesions or venous stasis-type ulcerations. These three patients were diagnosed with calciphylaxis on the basis of clinical, biochemical, and histopathological criteria. Two patients underwent parathyroidectomy late in the progression of their disease, with some resolution of their ulcerative lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/16. Microangiopathy with retinopathy, encephalopathy, and deafness (RED-M) and systemic features.The case of a young woman with a rare syndrome of acute encephalopathy followed by deafness and retinopathy developing over 1 year is reported. Unlike previously described similar cases, she had considerable systemic symptoms and signs including polyarthralgia-arthritis, diffuse myalgia, malar rash, livedo reticularis, night sweats, and fatigue suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, results of most immunological investigations were repeatedly normal, including antinuclear antibodies. Anticardiolipin antibodies were elevated on one occasion. cyclophosphamide has been the most effective treatment for exacerbations of the disease, which have continued to occur over 6 years. This microangiopathic syndrome more likely relates to an immunologically mediated vasculitis of small blood vessels than to a thromboembolic etiology.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/16. Type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with livedo reticularis: case report and review of the literature.livedo reticularis (LR) has been associated with numerous systemic diseases. Its relationship to diabetes mellitus (DM), however, has been poorly characterized. We report a case of LR in a 17-year-old with type 1 DM.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.2092812720519keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/16. anterior spinal artery syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus.We present a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed an anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS) in association with livedo reticularis, leg ulcerations and thrombocytopenia. Low serum titres of anticardiolipin antibodies were detectable throughout the course of this disease. The patient recovered from the first episode of ASAS under corticosteroid treatment but remained paralytic after a second episode. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord failed to show altered signal intensity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/16. Anticardiolipin antibodies, livedo reticularis, and major cerebrovascular and renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.Increased levels of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were found in 23 of 98 patients (23%) with systemic lupus erythematosus. Increased levels of IgM ACA were found less frequently (5%). All four patients with major cerebrovascular events had increased IgG ACA, including the two with highest levels, both of whom were men. Six of nine patients with livedo reticularis had increased IgG ACA. In turn, this clinical feature was associated with cerebrovascular disease in two and renal disease in another six. IgG ACA were not associated with other thromboembolic events, thrombocytopenia, serum IgG, or autoantibodies to Ro(SSA), La(SSB), U1RNP, Sm, or double or single stranded dna.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/16. livedo reticularis and peripheral gangrene associated with primary hyperoxaluria.We describe a 38-year-old man who developed livedo reticularis and peripheral gangrene after bilateral nephrectomy. Pathologic evaluation revealed extensive crystalline deposits within the walls of subcutaneous blood vessels. The diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria was established. This case demonstrates that the vasculopathy of primary oxalosis can mimic systemic necrotizing vasculitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8371250882077keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/16. livedo reticularis.A middle-aged woman was admitted to the hospital with livedo reticularis of the extremities in addition to nonspecific symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism. The livedo reticularis disappeared with treatment of the hypothyroidism. Although livedo reticularis has been reported previously to be associated with thyroid disease, this association is rare. We review the literature and present the conditions associated with livedo reticularis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.8371250882077keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/16. Cerebrovascular lesions and livedo reticularis (Sneddon's syndrome)--a progressive cerebrovascular disorder?Four cases are described in which livedo reticularis was associated with repeated cerebrovascular accidents, which eventually resulted in severe disability in two cases. patients with severe disability had a history of many years, whereas two patients with little or moderate residual disability had a follow-up of 3 years each. CT scan revealed multifocal cerebral infarctions and cortical atrophy in all cases. Repeated cerebral angiograms, done in three cases, showed no signs of a vascular disease. There were no parameters that pointed to active immunological or inflammatory disorder. Neither clinical evidence of heart or large vessel disease was found. Observations suggest that a so-far unknown progressive cerebral vessel disease associated with livedo is the cause of a steady increase in multiple small cerebral infarctions. Because of the progressive character of the disease the search for effective therapy is needed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.0638496745174keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/16. Anti-Pr cold hemagglutination associated with livedo reticularis.A report of anti-Pr cold hemagglutination associated with livedo reticularis is presented. livedo reticularis is descriptive of the superficial venous system appearing when blood flow is altered in this area. Cold antibody directed against the Pr antigen of the red cell membrane can cause hemagglutination, thereby altering blood flow in cooler areas of the body. This patient had livedo reticularis approximately 8 months prior to detection of the anti-Pr cold agglutinin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.2092812720519keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/16. Yq- in a child with livedo reticularis, snub nose, microcephaly, and profound mental retardation.A child with terminal deletion of the long arm of the y chromosome (Yq--) presented with marked livedo reticularis, snub nose, microcephaly, short stature, and other dysmorphic features. He was profoundly mentally retarded. Most of the patients with Yq- have been reported as having varying dysmorphic features, mental retardation, and short stature. This child, in addition to the above, has livedo reticularis and microcephaly. He was of normal birthweight and, therefore, does not come into the syndrome of microcephaly, snub nose, livedo reticularis, and low birthweight dwarfism. Further information on Yq- should be obtained to ascertain if consistent patterns of abnormalities exist.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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