1/34. Chronic, traumatic intraconal hematic cyst of the orbit removed through the fronto-orbital approach--case report.A 22-year-old male presented with a chronic encapsulated intraorbital hematoma 3 months after blunt trauma to his left eyeball. Ophthalmological examination found the best corrected visual acuity was 4/20 in the left eye, and 20/20 in the right eye. The orbit exhibited exophthalmus and inability of the eye to move above the horizontal level. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed a fairly well-demarcated area in the medial aspect of the orbit appearing as hyperintense on T1-weighted images and isoto hyperintense on T2-weighted images. This area was believed to be hemorrhage. No other abnormalities were found. The diagnosis was hematic cyst. The cyst was approached through a left fronto-orbital route and its location identified within the periorbita and orbital fat. The cyst was removed partially. Histological examination demonstrated cystic accumulation of blood and breakdown products in a non-epithelium-lined fibrous capsule, compatible with hematic cyst. The presence of hemosiderin in the cyst wall suggested that the cyst was a chronically enlarging lesion. Hematic cysts of the orbit usually present as subperiosteal mass months to years after trauma. Surgical removal of the cyst wall rather than needle aspiration is recommended to prevent recurrence.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = trauma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/34. Compressive optic nerve atrophy resulting from a distorted internal carotid artery.An 18-month-old female with right compressive optic nerve atrophy caused by an ipsilateral distorted internal carotid artery is reported. She was referred to an ophthalmologist at 8 months of age with the complaint of unilateral visual loss. neuroimaging studies should contribute markedly to the determination of the causes of visual problems in young children.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1468.9090222098keywords = optic nerve, optic, nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/34. Complete visual recovery in osteopetrosis by early optic nerve decompression.Visual loss with optic atrophy is common in osteopetrosis. The efficacy of optic nerve decompression in patients with osteopetrosis is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to report that visual deterioration in osteopetrosis can be completely reversed by early optic nerve decompression. An 8-year-old female patient with osteopetrosis was found to have reduced visual acuity on routine ophthalmologic examination. Extensive optic nerve decompression was performed. It not only included unroofing the optic canal, but also drilling away bone on both sidewalls of the optic nerve. Both optic nerves were decompressed during the same surgical procedure. Progressive loss of vision associated with osteopetrosis can be prevented by optic nerve decompression in the early stage of visual deterioration. When managing patients with osteopetrosis, the importance of careful and regular assessment of visual function should be stressed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2989.0455373888keywords = optic nerve, optic, nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/34. Improving visually guided action and perception through use of prisms.BACKGROUND: Severe loss of vision can occur as a result of insults to the visual system. Depending on the level of insult, the patient can experience symptoms ranging from simple loss of visual acuity to more-complex visual motor and perceptual disorders, like visual-field loss and accompanying spatial disorientation, all of which can result in significant restrictions to the patient's mobility. This report describes the therapeutic use of ophthalmic prisms to treat patients with distinct visual impairments. case reports: The management of four patients, each with visual impairment of unrelated origins (age-related macular degeneration, brain injury, Friedreich's ataxia, stroke) are discussed, with special emphasis on the positive impact of prismatic prescriptions. With each case, we also discuss our reasoning for prescribing the particular prisms and their possible roles. CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical reports reinforce the notion that prisms can be effectively used in visual rehabilitation. The modulatory role of prisms is considered in terms of the neurology of the brain and its functions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.027494101931241keywords = injury (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/34. exercise-induced visual loss associated with advanced glaucoma in young adults.PURPOSE: To highlight the phenomenon of exercise-induced visual loss associated with advanced glaucoma and to discuss the possible underlying mechanisms. methods: Three young adult patients with congenital or juvenile-onset glaucoma presenting with visual loss which occurred during exercise underwent ophthalmic examination. In 2 cases, visual function parameters, including visual fields (Humphrey full threshold perimetry) were measured before and after exercise. RESULTS: All patients clearly described visual loss during exercise. In the 2 cases in which data were available, significant impairment in central visual acuity and reduced foveal sensitivity and mean deviation on visual field analysis occurred during exercise of mild to moderate intensity with complete or near complete recovery of visual function upon cessation of exercise. CONCLUSION: Young patients with advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy should be questioned regarding exercise-induced visual disturbance. We hypothesise that a 'vascular steal' is the likely mechanism underlying this phenomenon. patients should be advised to limit activities which induce their symptoms, and therapeutic measures to promote ocular blood flow should be considered.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 199.9919004076keywords = optic, optic neuropathy, neuropathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/34. Trans-orbital intra-cranial air gun injury.PURPOSE: To describe a case of trans-orbital intra-cranial air gun injury with a discussion on air gun related morbidity and mortality. methods: Case report and literature review. RESULTS: The air gun pellet travelled through the orbit without penetrating the globe. It passed into the middle cranial fossa through the superior orbital fissure and lodged in the temporal lobe. The patient was managed conservatively with antibiotics and antiepilectis. CONCLUSIONS: air gun design has changed in recent years resulting in an increased morbidity and mortality. Stricter legislation on the sale and use of these weapons needs to be implemented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.13747050965621keywords = injury (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/34. Increased visual impairment after exercise (Uhthoff's phenomenon) in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic possibilities.The Uhthoff symptom, a transient impairment of visual function after exercise, is demonstrated in 2 multiple sclerosis patients. Following exercise, impairment of visual function, as documented most clearly by the testing of contrast sensitivity, was less obvious after body surface cooling and after treatment with orally administered 4-aminopyridine. It is hypothesized that both treatment modalities improve the nerve conduction safety factor and thereby prevent the occurrence of a conduction block, which is believed to be the mechanism underlying the Uhthoff symptom.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.9410059448106keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/34. sphenoid sinus mucocele with recurrent visual disturbance.We present a case of sphenoid sinus mucocele with recurrent visual disturbance on the same side. A 22-year-old female showed two episodes of visual disturbance in the left eye for 3 months, and acute retrobulbar optic neuritis was diagnosed. With corticosteroid, visual disturbance improved in 1 week. MRI and CT scans showed mucocele in the left sphenoid sinus, and left optic nerve swelling with high intensity was observed in T2-weighted MRI. No destruction of the optic canal was found. The contiguous inflammation in the optic nerve rather than compression was considered as pathogenesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 813.60913652815keywords = optic nerve, optic, nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/34. The value of white blood cell count in patients with swollen discs.BACKGROUND: A broad differential diagnosis has to be considered in a patient with swollen discs. myeloproliferative disorders such as leukemia and lymphoma can in rare cases cause infiltrative optic neuropathy. history AND SIGNS: Two patients initially presented with slowly progressive severe visual loss. history was unremarkable except for previously noted slightly elevated white blood cell count for which - according to their general physicians - no treatment or work-up was required. At presentation, bilateral disc swelling was present. magnetic resonance imaging showed enhancement of the entire optic nerves sparing the chiasm. No other intracranial lesion was found. cerebrospinal fluid contained no malignant cells. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: After bone marrow aspiration the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and granulocytic leukemia, respectively, was made. Treatment resulted in visual recovery. CONCLUSION: work-up in a patient with swollen discs should always include white blood cell count. If the result is abnormal further exploration should be pursued. Elevated white blood cell count may be the only hint of optic nerve infiltration caused by a myeloproliferative disorder and its treatment can result in remarkable recovery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 787.55550929151keywords = optic nerve, optic, optic neuropathy, nerve, neuropathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/34. arachnoid cyst of the optic nerve: a case report.BACKGROUND: To report a case of an arachnoid cyst of the optic nerve with homonymous optic atrophy. history AND SIGNS: A 17-year-old female patient presented with severe visual loss, limited to light perception, of the left eye. She underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, color fundus photography and electrophysiological study. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the presence of a fusiform structure involving the left optic nerve from the orbital apex to the posterior surface of the globe. The clinical and radiographic features are consistent with an arachnoid cyst of the optic nerve. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: The patient refused to be treated. Two years later, the VA remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The arachnoid cyst of the optic nerve is a rare entity. Its differential diagnosis from the primary optic nerve glioma is difficult and important to be made in order to be treated properly.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2757.0590037997keywords = optic nerve, optic, nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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