1/31. Rhinosino-orbital mucormycosis causing cavernous sinus thrombosis and internal carotid artery occlusion: radiological findings in a patient with treatment failure. The authors describe a case of rhinosino-orbital mucormycosis with cavernous sinus thrombosis in association with internal carotid artery occlusion diagnosed by use of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cranial CT is a useful imaging tool in the diagnosis of rhinosinal invasive fungal disease and MRI offers excellent aid in the detection of intracranial extension. early diagnosis and rapid institution of surgical debridement and antifungal therapy is the rule of thumb in treating this disorder. In our patient, surgically inaccessible bone lesion and involvement of the central nervous system are taken as major causes for his grave outcome. In addition, failure to advance appropriate amphotericin b dosage may also make the infectious process uncontrollable in this patient. ( info) |
| There are many treatment methods for lupus nephritis, including high-dose steroids, pulse methylprednisolone, and cyclophosphamide therapy. In cyclophosphamide therapy, there can be some side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and infection. We report on a case receiving a combination of high dose steroid and intravenous cyclophosphamide. Following this, she developed a fever and a protruding right eye, and septic cavernous sinus thrombosis was diagnosed. This complication had never been reported in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, and related literature is reviewed. ( info) |
3/31. Superior orbital fissure syndrome in a latent type 2 diabetic patient. Although isolated cranial nerve palsies are common in diabetic patients, multiple, simultaneous cranial neuropathies are rare. We describe the second case of a complete superior orbital fissure syndrome including the optic nerve in a middle-aged Papuan man with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. The differential diagnosis included septic cavernous sinus thrombosis and Tolosa Hunt syndrome, and management was initially directed at excluding these serious, treatable conditions. ( info) |
4/31. Indirect carotid cavernous fistula presenting as pulsatile tinnitus. This paper reports a case of spontaneous indirect carotid cavernous fistula that presented with pulsatile tinnitus, left-sided temporal headache and left-sided ptosis. The pulsatile tinnitus, its aetiology and investigation are discussed. The importance of pulsatile tinnitus is highlighted, with a discussion of carotid-cavernous fistulas. This case illustrates that clinically silent cavernous sinus thrombosis can give rise to spontaneous indirect carotid cavernous fistula. magnetic resonance imaging angiography was used in diagnosis. Treatment ranges from observation, as in our case, to transvenous endovascular techniques. ( info) |
5/31. Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis in children. Eight Thai patients less than 15 years of age who were diagnosed with cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, thailand over the past 30 years were reviewed retrospectively. The predisposing infections and causative microorganisms were similar to previous reports in children and adults. Despite severe neurologic dysfunction during admission, including blindness, there was neither death nor severe permanent deficit found in the majority of the patients. Only one patient experienced mild hemiparesis caused by cerebral infarction, which was secondary to this condition. Early recognition of this condition, the appropriate selection of empirical antibiotic therapy, and the awareness of associated complication were the key factors leading to excellent outcome. ( info) |
6/31. MR imaging of cavernous sinus invasion by mucormycosis: a case study. cavernous sinus thrombosis is a serious condition, which, if not recognized early, can lead to a fulminant course. knowledge of risk factors along with early recognition of signs and symptoms may alter the course of this condition. We present a case of a patient with cavernous sinus thrombosis with characteristic findings on MRI. biopsy of the sinuses revealed mucromycosis as the offending agent. ( info) |
7/31. Septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses. Septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses (or cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis [CST]) is a dramatic and potentially lethal illness, which is still occasionally seen by clinicians. Before the availability of antimicrobial agents, mortality from CST was near 100%, but it markedly decreased to approximately 20% to 30% during the antibiotic era. Nevertheless, the threat of death and serious morbidity continues to necessitate early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of CST to minimize risks to the patient. Accordingly, we reviewed the salient clinical features of this illness, with emphasis on newer aspects of diagnosis and treatment. ( info) |
8/31. The intracranial complication of acute isolated sphenoid sinusitis. Acute isolated sphenoid sinusitis is a rare, potentially destructive entity, which has indistinct clinical findings and non-specific symptoms. Hence, it can be easily be misdiagnosed. We present and discuss a case of an isolated sphenoiditis with intracranial complication. ( info) |
9/31. A unique case of Bezold's abscess associated with multiple dural sinus thromboses. OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Bezold's abscess and dural sinus thromboses are rare complications of otitis media in the era of antibiotics. Although potentially fatal, they are treatable. We present a unique case report of Bezold's abscess in association with multiple dural sinus thromboses. STUDY DESIGN: Single case report. methods: A young female patient's clinical course is presented and discussed. We review the anatomy, incidence, pathogenesis, and treatment of Bezold's abscess and dural sinus thrombosis. RESULTS: After mastoidectomy, neck exploration, broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, and anticoagulation therapy, the patient recovered fully and has remained asymptomatic since her discharge from the hospital at 12 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported case of Bezold's abscess associated with a cavernous sinus thrombosis and the third reported case of Bezold's abscess associated with lateral sinus thrombosis. Despite its rarity, Bezold's abscess must be recognized and treated aggressively. Dural sinus thrombosis is relatively more common, and treatment of the underlying cause is essential. The diagnosis and rapid, aggressive treatment of these conditions are essential for an optimal clinical outcome. ( info) |
| Invasive zygomycosis is a devastating fungal infection occurring as an opportunistic infection after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Sinusitis can lead to fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients, and cavernous sinus thrombosis, an uncommon condition in immunocompetent patients, typically follows an infection involving the medial third of the face, nose, or paranasal sinuses. patients undergoing unrelated-donor BMT (UD-BMT) are prone to develop life-threatening infections because of poor recovery of cellular immunity. Despite adequate clinical evaluation and treatment, the prognosis of patients with invasive fungal infections is dismal, especially when intracerebral structures are affected. We describe a case of a patient who underwent an UD-BMT and developed cavernous sinus thrombosis after sinusitis due to zygomycosis. Moreover, he also had disseminated fungal (Zygomycetes and aspergillus) and viral (cytomegalovirus and adenovirus) infections. ( info) |