1/12. cyclospora cayetanensis--an emerging coccidian parasite. Over the last decade increasing number of enteritis cases have been attributed to infection with a new coccidian sp that was named cyclospora cayetanensis in 1993. Diarrhoea caused by this agent is clinically indistinguishable from cryptosporidiasis, isosporiasis and microsporidiasis but cyclospora infection are often very prolonged (upto 15 weeks) and may cause severe weight loss. diagnosis is important because unlike diarrhoea caused by cryptosporidium and microsporidium, treatment with co-trimoxazole is effective. We report here a case of cyclosporiasis, to increase awareness of possibility of cyclospora infection in patients with prolonged diarrhoea. It should be considered in assessment of patients with unexplained prolonged diarrhoeal illness. ( info) |
| Two large outbreaks of diarrheal illness associated with cyclospora cayetanensis, a coccidian parasite, provided an opportunity to evaluate clinical syndromes associated with this enteric pathogen. Reiter syndrome, a triad of ocular inflammation, inflammatory oligoarthritis, and sterile urethritis, has been associated with enteric infections. We describe the first case of Reiter syndrome following protracted symptoms of cyclospora infection. ( info) |
| The first case of cyclosporosis in a non hiv-infected child in thailand, co-infected with cryptosporidium, was reported. The patient was a 3 year-old malnourished orphan who presented with fever, abdominal distension and relapsing diarrhea. There was no leukocyte in her stool, however, numerous cyclospora and cryptosporidium oocysts were identified by modified acid-fast staining. The illness was cured by co-trimoxazole and fluid therapy. More coccidial infections in thailand may be detected if modified acid-fast staining is routinely performed. ( info) |
4/12. cyclospora cayetanensis associated with diarrhea in a patient with idiopathic compensated hepatic cirrhosis. A 52 year-old male patient with idiopathic hepatic cirrhosis complaining of diarrhea and weakness was accepted to the gastroenterology clinic. In order to find out the causative etiologic agent of diarrhea, stool samples were examined by different methods and stained using modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stain. Following examination, approximately 9 microns diameter, acid-fast variable wrinkled spheres were seen and diagnosed as cyclospora cayetanensis. Confirmation of the diagnosis was established by fluorescent microscope (380 to 420 nm excitation filter), which showed bright green to intense blue autofluorescent oocysts. It has been shown that, cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite mainly found in immunocompromised patients and that it may be the agent of prolonged diarrhea. Only three cyclosporiosis cases have been previously reported in our country; all three cases were AIDS patients. We report here a further case of cyclospora cayetanensis infection in a patient with hepatic cirrhosis and we consider that this is the first case, which was reported in hepatic cirrhosis. ( info) |
| This is the first case of human cyclosporiasis reported in korea. We detected the oocyst of cyclospora cayetanensis from a 14-yr old girl who complained of persistent diarrhea after traveling to indonesia. Round oocysts sized about 8 to 9 m with wrinkle on the wall were found in modified acid fast stained stool specimen. Stainability was variable from red to pale. Oocyst wall showed typical autofluorescence under ultraviolet illumination. The exact diagnosis for the cause of diarrhea and treatment for this patient were not provided at the right moment from the hospital since the diagnostic system for the cyclospora infection was not ready in the clinical laboratory of the hospital. More attention should be paid on cyclospora as a cause of diarrhea especially for those returning from a trip to the tropics and an adequate diagnostic system for the cyclospora infection should be implemented in clinical laboratories as soon as possible. ( info) |
6/12. cyclospora cayetanensis in a patient with travelers' diarrhea: case report and review. In recent years, several studies have shown that cyclospora cayetanensis is a worldwide intestinal pathogen, and it has been implicated in a number of sporadic cases and epidemic outbreaks of diarrheal illness in several endemic areas. The parasite is associated with prolonged and relapsing watery diarrhea in immunocompetent persons, as well as in AIDS patients. Most reports of cyclospora infection concern travelers visiting endemic countries. In European countries, a few cases of cyclospora cayetanensis infection have been reported, and almost all of them were observed in persons after foreign travel. ( info) |
7/12. cyclosporiasis associated with diarrhoea in an immunocompetent patient in turkey. cyclospora cayetanensis, the parasitic agent responsible for human cyclosporiasis, is an emerging worldwide cause of diarrhoea in immunocompetent people as well as in immunocompromised patients, such as those with AIDS. Reported here is the case of a 30-year-old Turkish woman, a lawyer, who was admitted to hospital in July 2002 with complaints of watery diarrhoea, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and weight loss over a period of 1 week. cyclospora sp. oocysts were determined by using modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stain. The patient was treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (160/800 mg) b.i.d. for 7 days. This report is the first example of autochthonous cyclosporiasis in an immunocompetent patient in turkey. ( info) |
8/12. Human cyclosporiosis in turkey. Six patients infected with cyclospora cayetanensis who sought medical care at three different hospitals in turkey are herein presented. Four patients were male and the others were female and their ages ranged from 7 to 62 years. The first patient was hiv-positive and presented with watery diarrhea with a frequency of up to 18 times a day for more than ten months and diagnosed as cyclosporiosis in Kayseri, 1996. The second patient was also hiv positive and diagnosed as cyclosporiosis in Kayseri, 2000. The third patient was an acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patient and diagnosed in Istanbul, 2000. The fourth patient was idiopathic hepatic cirrhosis complaining of diarrhea and weakness and diagnosed in Kayseri, 2001. The fifth and sixth patients were immunocompetent patients complaining of diarrhea and diagnosed in Izmir and Kayseri, 2002. diarrhea occurring from one to ten times a day continued for 7 to 70 d in the last 5 patients. Treatment with a trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole compound was done for all patients. Both symptomatic and parasitologic improvements were quickly observed. In summary, C. cayetanensis infection is rare in turkey and most patients infected with this pathogen tend to be immunosuppressive individuals at present. ( info) |
9/12. Retrospective study of the occurrence of cyclospora cayetanensis at Clinical Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, SP. cyclospora cayetanensis causes watery diarrhea in tropical countries, among travelers and after ingestion of contaminated water and food. Very little is known about its epidemiology, pathogenic aspects and reservoirs. In brazil, its prevalence is unknown and to date there have been reports of three outbreaks. We report here a retrospective study of 5,015 stool samples from 4,869 patients attended at Clinical Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, SP, brazil between April 1996 and January 2002, with 14 cases of cyclospora cayetanensis being detected there was a prevalence of 0.3%. Of the 14 infected patients, the mean age was 38 years and 71.4% were female. Ten patients presented symptoms; six presented levels of immunological markers and five patients were immunodeficient. ( info) |
10/12. cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts in sputum of a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis, case report in Ismailia, egypt. observation of acid fast C. cavetanensis oocysts were proved in a sputum sample of a 45 years-old male hiv negative patient who was admitted to Chest Hospital due to loss of weight, cough with expectoration of purulent sputum and dyspnea. The radiological picture suggested active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). sputum samples which were positive for acid fast bacilli as proved by Ziehl-Neelsen stain technique showed large (8-10 microm) spherical acid-fast C. cayetanensis oocysts and their identify was confirmed by molecular techniques (Nested PCR). The patient was successfully treated for TB since 4 years. However, this was the second time to report C. cayetanensis oocysts in human sputum. The first one was in argentina. So, C. cayetanensis is a new respiratory system pathogen which must be considered in the differential diagnosis. ( info) |