Help with the skeletal and muscular systems?

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I have a terrible teacher who made our classmates teach us about the systems of the body, and so no one knows anything about them at all. I somewhat understand the skeletal system and the others, but I have a few questions:

Why is spongy bone tissue found at the ends of long bones?
How does the release of acetylcholine from a motor neuron affect a muscle cell?
What's the difference between a ligament and a tendon?
What does "Most skeletal muscles work in opposing pairs" mean?
ill start with the structure of the skeletal muscle system first. each muscle or group of muscles usually works to move a limb in a certain direction. then there is another group that works in the opposite direction. a muscle can only work to move IN ONE DIRECTION. if it moves something "up" it cant move it left or right or down by itself. just up. this is because the muscle moves by contraction and the force only goes in one direction. the only way to get that limb to move in the other direction is to use its opposite. for example your biceps move your arms one way and your triceps (on the back of you arm) move the opposite way.

the main difference between a tendon and a ligament is what they connect. a tendon will connect muscle to bone and a ligament will connect bone to bone. i remember this by the achilles tendon (that bump on the back of your ankle). it connects the gastrocnemeous (your large calf muscle) to the calcaneus (the heel bone). i know its a tendon by its common name and that it must connect muscle to bone by its location.

the release of acetylcholine from a motor neuron causes contraction of that motor unit which it innervates. where the motor neuron meets muscle is known as the motor end plate or the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). when acetylcholine is released at the NMJ these molecules attach to nicotinic acetlcholine receptors and cause a cascade of ions to flow into the muscle. the most important of these ions is the calcium ion (Ca2+). when it enters the muscle it causes an even greater release of calcium from the muscle's calcium stores (in the sarcoplasmic reticulum). this is known as calcium mediated calcium release. calcium in the muscle causes the functional unit of the muscle, the sarcomere to contract by affecting the troponin c. in a way the parallel fibers of the muscle pull themselves closer to each other to cause contraction.
so acetylcholine binds to its receptor on the muscle, causes influx of calcium ions, and this results in contraction.

i learned about spongy bone a while ago in high school A and P. i dont remember it though, probably cause some slacker kids taught it to us.  (+ info)

My dog is looking skeletal in the face?

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Our yellow lab has become skeletal in the face in just one week. The top of her head and left side are just like only bones showing. Does anyone know what that could be?
Get her to the vet!  (+ info)

what are some of the skeletal system affects caused by alcohol?

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i'm doing some research on the effects of the skeletal system or bones caused by ethyl alcohol. i can't really seam to find much information. if you have any effects please let me know!
Considering that alcohol is basically a poison to the body it's hard to list all of the systems that it effects. To me the two most obvious are the brain and the liver. The brains size can shrink with time and the onset of dimentia begins. The liver hardens and no longer is able to filter toxins that go through the body. Then the kidneys start to go because they get overloaded with toxins also. There's also the obvious ulcers because alcohol eats away at the lining of the stomach. And I do want to mention the biggest obvious effect of all. It's on a person's judgement calls about everyday things.  (+ info)

How does the skeletal system work with the respiratory system?

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I need to know how they work together?
it protects the lungs and stuff  (+ info)

How can you differentiate between skeletal muscle pain and real kidney problems?

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I've had a dull pain deep in my back on the left side, where I think my kidney is. I dont know if I should have it checked out or if it is just a strained muscle....I have a toddler that I'm constantly chasing after, picking up, and some times not using my weight correctly on my back/legs. Are there other symptoms of kidney infections besides pain?
When I pee it feels like someone is stabbing me with a broadsword up the pee hole.  (+ info)

How does the skeletal muscles tie in with respiratory system?

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I need to how the skeletal muscles help with the respiratory system.
When you inhale, your intercostal muscles expand your chest cavity. Since nature abhors a vacuum (sorry, couldn't resist) air rushes in to fill the space. I don't believe these are considered skeletal muscles.

When you exhale, your diaphragm (also not a skeletal muscle) is involved, but so are your abdominals: Rectus Abdominis, Transversus Abdominis and your external and internal oblique muscles. These are skeletal muscles (though I'm not 100% sure about the Transversus Abdominis).

Other muscles serve as accessory muscles in breathing. Opinion varies as to exactly which muscles are involved but the Sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles of the neck are generally considered accessory muscles (watch someone having an asthma attack and you'll see these muscles straining).

The serratus anterior, pectoralis major & minor, upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae (thoracic), iliocostalis lumborum, quadratus lumborum, serratus posterior superior and inferior, levatores costarum, transversus thoracis and subclavius may also have some degree of greater or lesser involvement.

Hope this helps some.  (+ info)

How can you decrease the chances of injuring your skeletal system?

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I have to explain it in an essay and I have no clue what to write.Please help me!
I would recommend proper safety equipment on the job... such as safety harnesses, etc. I would recommend proper techinques for falling (we're usually taught that kind of thing in school as children). Proper lifting techniques and being sure not to lift things that are too heavy. And slowing down while lifting things so we aren't twisting the back or twisting ankles, etc.  (+ info)

what are the effects of exercise on our skeletal system?

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can you all tell me what are the effects of exercise on our skeletal system?
Exercise develop muscles tone  (+ info)

How do you treat the condition Kyphosis when a person has reached skeletal maturity?

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Kyphosis is a curvature of the spine and it is usually known as hunchback or roundback. It is usually seen in adolecents.
I don't have much experience in kyphosis. My area is scoliosis (which is related), though. If I can take an educated guess, exercise to keep your core muscles strong and reduce your pain is the first option. This is followed by pain management, and if your curve is bad enough, surgery. As an adult, bracing is probably not effective because you're done growing.  (+ info)

is there a way to grow a bigger skeletal structure overall?

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I know that I'm asian guy, and that may be a big factor. But I go around seeing other guys who are caucasian and etc. They seem to have a bigger everything, they're taller, their hands look twice the size of mines, etc.

Do you know if I can grow bigger to match the proportions that of the caucasian white male? haha i know ridiculous but please answer.
the only way to change it is by gettin a time machine and tellin ur ma to find a bigger dad... wish i cld 5'7 is too low to the ground  (+ info)

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