What is the connection between malignant neoplasms and crabs?

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The more common term for malignant neoplasms, cancer, is Latin for crab, and the word "carcinogen," meaning a cancer-causing agent, comes from the Greek word for crab, "karkinos." What is the connection between these two seemingly unrelated things?
Cancer, both the disease and the astronomical constellation, derive from the Latin cancer or cancrum, meaning crab. The astrological sign, of course, is said to resemble a crab and the disease was so named by the ancient Greek physician Galen (129-200 A.D.) who noted the similarity between a certain type of tumor with a crab as well—the swollen veins around the tumor resembling the legs of a crab.

Old English adopted cancer directly from Latin and used it for a variety of spreading sores and ulcers. This early sense survives in the modern word canker. From c.1000 in a manuscript called Læce Boc (Leech Book), collected in Oswald Cockayne’s Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England, Vol. II, 1865:

Gemeng wið þam dustum, clæm on ðone cancer.
(Mix with the dust, smear on the cancer.)

And from Wyclif’s 2 Timothy, 1382:

The word of hem crepith as a kankir

The word was being applied specifically to the disease we today call cancer by the beginning of the 17th century. From Philemon Holland’s translation of Pliny’s Historie of the World:

Cancer is a swelling or sore comming of melancholy bloud, about which the veins appeare of a blacke or swert colour, spread in manner of a Creifish clees.

The astronomical sense of cancer is from the Latin name for the constellation of the crab. The name was known to the Anglo-Saxons, but only as a Latin name and was not assimilated into English until the Middle English period. It appears in Ælfric’s De Temporibus Anni, written c.993, in a list of the constellations of the Zodiac:

Feorða • Cancer • þæt is Crabba
(Fourth, Cancer, that is the crab.)

The Anglicized name appears c.1391 in Chaucer’s Treatise on the Astrolabe:

In this heved of cancer is the grettist declinacioun northward of the sonne...this signe of cancre is clepid the tropik of Somer.
(At this first point (head) of cancer is the greatest declination northward of the sun…this sign of cancer is named the tropic of summer.)

(Source: Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition)  (+ info)

What will cause white matter lesions in the supratentorial brain?

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Multiple Sclerosis is a common culprit, but also sort of an aging process that becomes more prominent as you get older called chronic ischemic changes. Sometimes people with Migraines also get a few small lesions as well. Can't tell you much more without specific circumstances.  (+ info)

What is the basis of differing actions of antineoplastic agents on different tissue/neoplasms?

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What is the basis for differing tissue- and neoplasm-specificites of antieoplastic chemotherapeutic agents? This doubt arose because considering what the pharmacokinetics of these drugs are it remains to be answered as to why a certain agent would act only in a particular tissue or neoplasm when the mechanisms they employ are so similar, e.g., various alkylating agents in spite having same action act of different tumors with differing degrees of effectiveness. Hope someone answers the question specifically. Useful links to free-text articles would also be highly appreciated. Bye. TC.
If you have thoughts on this subject, you ought to have the initiative to research it yourself.  (+ info)

What are the harmful effects from small benign neoplasms arising from endocrine organs on the patient?

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Give positive answers...
Get to know them better. This is not a task only to be accomplished through dating. The more you get to know him or her, the more you can tell if you like them as a friend or something else. Just talk and do fun activities with the person.
Stop and consider why you like the person. There are many physically attractive and smart people out there. But if you see something beyond that really catches your attention, you've marked this person as unique and probably like them. Why else would they stand out from so many?
Consider how many times you think about the person. If you find yourself thinking about this person several times a day, and they are happy thoughts that possibly make your heart beat faster, then you probably like them.
Think how often you laugh at their jokes etc. When you like someone, you will find yourself laughing at things even if they aren't that funny. This is a natural attempt to make them feel appreciated.
If the one conversation between you and the person is stuck in you head and you cant stop telling people about it. this means it was important to you, and you probably like the person.
Consider how much you try to be near them. If you've planned your walking speed to catch a glimpse of them as many times of the day as possible, there is a good reason for that.
Think about how you feel if you touch him or her, by accident or on purpose. If you're still thinking about brushing shoulders several hours ago in school, then that is a special thought and you probably like them.
If you feel you're ready for a relationship, and are confident enough for a positive response, then just go ahead and ask them out. If you're unsure of their feelings for you, there are several wikihows on how to tell if someone likes you.  (+ info)

term used to describe benign neoplasms made up of neurons and nerve fibers is a?

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need some help with my h.w.
thanks!
Neuroma

In the foot, check out this site...
http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/mortons-neuroma.htm  (+ info)

When can a tumor be non-cellular or non-neoplastic? And how can some neoplasms be cell free?

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So basically, I've got a bio midterm tomorrow, and so in the process of studying, I realized I completely don't get that! Even my bio friends are like, what....? So if ANYONE can help us out here, that would be fantastic! Thanks!
The word tumor is defined (in Answers.com) as "An abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function; a neoplasm." So your teacher is playing with semantics here.

The only way a "mass" could be non-cellular would be if it were cystic - - a contained area of fluid. We see this with some ovarian tumors which may be benign or malignant. The benign ones are ovarian serous cystadenomas or mucinous cystadenomas which can be quite large tumor masses. These do contain cells however in the membranous sacs surrounding the fluid
http://www.mypacs.net/cases/MUCINOUS-CYSTADENOMA-OVARY-857115.html  (+ info)

During 9th month prgnancy scan,my baby was diagnosed with myelomeningocele,supratentorial hydrocephalus?

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with chair 2 malformation.Are these anomalies interlinked??What are the factors responsible for this birth
defect?What should I do to prevent it for the next pregnancy?what is the
ideal gap between the C-sections?
They are all linked. Usually when Spina Bifida is incolved they are all involved. Folic acid can be a factor. However, it is not always. Sometimes it just happens. However, the 3 combined usually do not lead to death now a days.  (+ info)

MRI imaging shows mild supratentorial white matter disease. What is this?

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I am a 32 year old female with dizziness, visual changes, and left arm tingling x3 wks. Otherwise, healthy. MRI report shows mild supratentorial white matter disease, also a small focus in the right centrum semiovale and the left frontal lobe.
MS, perhaps?  (+ info)

During 9th month pregnancy scan,my baby was diagnosed with spina bifida,supratentorial hydrocephalus with?

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chairi 2 malformation.The baby died few days after birth.Are these congenital anomalies interlinked?What are the factors responsible for these birth defects?What should I do to prevent for next pregnancy?Is genetic counselling required?What is the ideal gap between two C sections?
The abnormalities may or be related but then they may not be, I'm not sure if there is a way to determine that. Folic acid will help prevent spinal bifida in the future, also do not take more than the recommended amount of Vit E during pregnancy it can cause defects. Yes you may want to get some genetic counseling for any future pregnancy for your peace of mind if nothing else. Like any pregnancy their should be a gap of two years minimally to rebuild the minerals in your bones that the previous baby has used. The risk with a VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarean) is based on how you were cut and sewn up. Cesarean scars had a way or exploding open because back in the day it was done on the top of the fundus that is the top of the uterus the part that stretches the most, because it is the part that is the most stretchy it is also the weakest part. Now days they are more careful about where the incision on the uterus is placed, if you can find out where your incision was made to determine if you are a good candidate for a VBAC. I hope I've helped, good luck.  (+ info)

what is a infra- and supratentorial lesion? ?

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I can't find the definition
Please go to this site to see a diagram of the lesion on the brain.
http://www.accessmedicine.com

Further info:

Pathophysiologic Assessment

Sections: Pathophysiologic Assessment, Supratentorial Structural Lesions, Subtentorial Structural Lesions, Diffuse Encephalopathies, Summary.

Topics Discussed: coma; coma, metabolic; mass lesion, subtentorial; mass lesion, supratentorial.

Excerpt: "When coma is the result of a supratentorial mass lesion, the history and physical findings early in the course usually point to a hemispheric disorder. Hemiparesis with hemisensory loss is typical. Aphasia occurs with dominant (usually left) hemispheric lesions, and agnosia (indifference to or denial of the deficit) with injury to the nondominant hemisphere. As the mass expands (commonly from associated edema), somnolence supervenes because of the compression of the contralateral hemisphere or downward pressure on the diencephalon. Stupor progresses to coma, but the findings often remain asymmetric. As rostral-caudal compression progresses, the thalamus, midbrain, pons, and medulla become sequentially involved, and the neurologic examination reveals dysfunction at successively lower anatomical levels (see Figure 10–2). Such segmental involvement strongly supports the diagnosis of a supratentorial mass with downward transtentorial herniation (Figure 10–4) and dictates the need for neurosurgical intervention. Once the pontine level is reached,
A fatal outcome is inevitable according to this source.
I hope this answered your question.
Wishing you well.  (+ info)

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