How does tuberculosis cause hypercalcemia ?

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1. How does tuberculosis cause hypercalcemia ?
2. I had tuberculosis as a child. I have hypercalcemia now. Could there be a connection ?
It doesn"t, unless its miliary (widespread).

Probably no connection.

Get your serum para thyroid hormone (parathormone) checked and see a good internist/endocrinologist.  (+ info)

What disease category does tuberculosis fall under?

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What disease category does tuberculosis fall under? Does it fall under autoimmune, congenital, hereditary, infectious, or cardiovascular?
Everything you need to know is at this site.

http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/communicable/tuberculosis/fact_sheet.htm  (+ info)

What can you tell me about the medical points of tuberculosis?

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Please tell me what you know about tuberculosis doctors and TB victims alike it would be greatly appreciated.
Tuberculosis is a chronic, progressive infection with a period of latency following initial infection. It occurs most commonly in the lungs. Pulmonary symptoms include productive cough, chest pain, and dyspnea. Diagnosis is by sputum culture and smear. Treatment is with multiple antimicrobial agents.
Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as TB that is resistant at least to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP). Isolates that are multiply-resistant to any other combination of anti-TB drugs but not to INH and RMP are not classed as MDR-TB.
Please see the web pages for more details on Tuberculosis.  (+ info)

When a person has a pleural effusion, what is that? And what is happening to the person on a cellular level?

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I know that pleural effusion refers to an abnormal collection of fluids in the pleural cavity, but how does that affect respiration? What exactly is going on?
Background: Pleural effusion is defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. Excess fluid results from the disruption of the equilibrium that exists across pleural membranes.
In terms of anatomy, the pleural space is bordered by parietal and visceral pleura. Parietal pleurae cover the inner surface of the thoracic cavity, including the mediastinum, diaphragm, and ribs. Visceral pleurae envelop all surfaces of the lungs, including the interlobar fissures. This lining is absent at the hilus, where pulmonary vessels, bronchi, and nerves enter the lung tissue. The mediastinum completely separates the right and left pleural spaces.

Both parietal and visceral membranes are smooth, glistening, and semitransparent. Despite these similarities, the two membranes have unique differences in anatomic architecture, innervation, pain fibers, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and function. For example, the visceral pleurae contain no pain fibers and have a dual blood supply (bronchial and pulmonary).


Pathophysiology: Pleural effusion is an indicator of a pathologic process that may be of primary pulmonary origin or of an origin related to another organ system or to systemic disease. It may occur in the setting of acute or chronic disease and is not a diagnosis in itself.

Normal pleural fluid has the following characteristics: clear ultrafiltrate of plasma, pH 7.60-7.64, protein content less than 2% (1-2 g/dL), fewer than 1000 WBCs per cubic millimeter, glucose content similar to that of plasma, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level less than 50% of plasma and sodium, and potassium and calcium concentration similar to that of the interstitial fluid.

The principal function of pleural fluid is to provide a frictionless surface between the two pleurae in response to changes in lung volume with respiration. The following mechanisms play a role in the formation of pleural effusion:


Altered permeability of the pleural membranes (eg, inflammatory process, neoplastic disease, pulmonary embolus)

Reduction in intravascular oncotic pressure (eg, hypoalbuminemia, hepatic cirrhosis)

Increased capillary permeability or vascular disruption (eg, trauma, neoplastic disease, inflammatory process, infection, pulmonary infarction, drug hypersensitivity, uremia, pancreatitis)

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure in the systemic and/or pulmonary circulation (eg, congestive heart failure, superior vena caval syndrome)

Reduction of pressure in pleural space; lung unable to expand (eg, extensive atelectasis, mesothelioma)

Inability of the lung to expand (eg, extensive atelectasis, mesothelioma)

Decreased lymphatic drainage or complete blockage, including thoracic duct obstruction or rupture (eg, malignancy, trauma)

Increased fluid in peritoneal cavity, with migration across the diaphragm via the lymphatics (eg, hepatic cirrhosis, peritoneal dialysis)

Movement of fluid from pulmonary edema across the visceral pleura

Persistent increase in pleural fluid oncotic pressure from an existing pleural effusion, causing accumulation of further fluid

Iatrogenic causes (eg, central line misplacement)  (+ info)

How can medicine cause tuberculosis? A lot of the commercials for various medications warn that it can cause?

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tuberculosis. But if you look it up on the Internet, it says that tuberculosis is cause by mycobacteria.
These medications can cause people's immune systems to weaken while they are taking them. If a patient already has the mycobacteria that causes tuberculosis (due to prior tuberculosis exposure), it could take advantage the opportunity to create widespread infection while the immune system defenses are weakened. Tuberculosis is an "opportunistic" pathogen that lives within certain types of white blood cells. They can live with us our whole life. In fact, tuberculosis is one of the most successful pathogens out there. Approximately 2 billion people are infected, and it kills 2 million people a year. Crazy.  (+ info)

How does the blood fill the lungs when you have tuberculosis (also known as consumption)?

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In the show, The Tudors, Margarette had tuberculosis(consumption) where she continuosly coughed up blood until it killed her. I am wondering how the blood filled the lungs in the first place. Was there a hole made, or what? If you know where an article is about it, please add it!
The blood does not fill the lungs, otherwise the person would drown in their own blood from this hemorrhage. In TB, granuloma tissue forms in the lungs. Granuloma tissue is delicate and full of small blood vessels. When a person coughs, they may occasionally rupture the blood vessels, bleed a little, and cough up blood. There is not normally a lot of blood in the cough of a TB patient. Hemorrhage is not a common sign of TB. The movie may have shown more blood than occurs in reality, to make it seem more shocking. Patients with TB do not die of blood loss, but because they cannot breathe.  (+ info)

what are best medicines and treatment for pneumonia in left lung and right is having Tuberculosis ?

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My uncle is having pneumonia in left lung and right is having Tuberculosis. Left lung covered by 90% by pneumonia, and Tuberculosis attacked second time so Please help me to make him in better condition. He cant walk for 5 feet. Please I am begging you all Help me.
TB needs to be treated with several antibiotics including rifampin, INH (isoniazid), pyrazinamide and ethambutol known as the "RIPE" cocktail. It is a long course.
Pneumonia is treated depending on what bacteria is causing the pneumonia. Cultures can be done to test for the bacteria and then tests can be done to see which antibiotic will be effective against the bacteria.
With such severe lung disease he would need to be in a hospital where an infectious disease expert can prescribe the proper antibiotics.  (+ info)

What is the current trend in sputum AFB,is it x2 or x3,in the diagnosis of tuberculosis?

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In confirming the diagnosis of tuberculosis,doctors used to ask for sputum AFB x3,but nowadays some are asking for x2,what is the reason why this is done?
Hey there!!

For Sputum AFB, we in India ask for three samples!! First sample is taken when they come to laboratory and then for the next sample they are given sterile container and asked to collect early morning sample of the next day. Finally, when they turn up tomorrow to submit their early morning sample, again one more sample is collected!!

The reason why we collect three samples is to reduce the risk of false negatives and increase the detection!! However, some doctors prefer only two samples but the correct procedure is three and this is the recommended no by WHO for countries like India  (+ info)

what type of medicines should i take to fight the tuberculosis?

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ok. i think i have an active tuberculosis. i'm not sure but i did a research on the web and found out the symptoms and it matches what i have. i have this cough for more than a month and the mucus is thick and cloudy and more other things. i know i should go to the doctor and see what's going and get medicines there but if there is a medicine out there on drug stores that can fight the tuberculosis, please let me know as soon as possible. what do you guys recommend me ?
With a cough more than two weeks, it is more likely that you have pertussis, or whooping cough. There are many other possibilities though, so you should go to the doctor and get checked out. Over-the-counter medicines will not clear up a bacterial infection.  (+ info)

Is it dangerous to give water to pet/doggy when she/he had a pleural effusion or a heart condition?

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Is it dangerous to give water to pet when she/he had a pleural effusion or a heart condition or something that has to do with rapid heart beat and rapid breathing with accompanied fluid build up that can be seen like a fat hanging in the ribs or chest part of the doggy?
Ask the vet who diagnosed this condition. You should be following up with the vet for this anyway; it does affect the pumping of the heart and circulation.
If it's a temporary condition (as in, after accident with broken ribs) - hang in there.
If chronic illness, the important thing is to make your dog comfortable esp if pet is seriously ill. I have been thru this decision a few times and still it's hard to decide whether the dog is still happy and comfortable enough to continue...  (+ info)

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