What are the typical symptoms of type II diabetes?

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What are the typical symptoms of type II diabetes and how is it diagnosed?
Symtoms of type 2

Diabetes Type 2:

* Increased fatigue : Due to inefficiency of cell to metabolise glucose, reserve fat of body is metabolised to gain energy. When fat is broken down in the body, it uses more energy as compared to glucose, hence body goes in negative calorie effect, which results in fatigue.
* Polydipsia : As the concentration of glucose increases in the blood, brain receives signal for diluting it and in its counteraction we feel thirsty.
* Polyuria: Increase in urine production is the result seen when excess of glucose is present in body. Body tries to get rid of the extra sugar in the blood by excreting it through the urine. This can also lead to dehydration because excreting the sugar which carries a large amount of water out of the body along with it.
* Polyphegia : The hormone insulin is also responsible for stimulating hunger. In order to cope up with high sugar levels in blood, body produces insulin which leads to increased hunger.
* Weight flactuation : Factors like loss of water (polyuria), glucosuria , metabolism of body fat and protein may lead to loss of weight. Few cases may show weight gain due to increased appetite.
* Blurry vision : Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome is the condition when body fluid is pulled out of tissues including lenses of eye, which affects the ability of lenses to focus resulting in blurry vision.
* Irritability : It is one of the sign of high blood sugar because of the inefficient supply of glucose to brain and other body organs, which makes us feel tired and uneasy.
* Infections : Certain signals from the body is given whenever there is fluctuation of blood sugar (due to suppression of immune system) by frequent infections of fungal or bacterial like skin infection or UTI (urinary tract infection).
* Poor wound healing : High blood sugar resists the flourishing of WBC, (white blood cell) which are responsible for body immune system. When these cells do not function accordingly, wound healing is not at good pace. Secondly, long standing diabetes leads to thickening of blood vessels which may affect proper circulation of blood in different body parts.

Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed with the following blood tests:

Fasting blood glucose level -- diabetes is diagnosed if higher than 126 mg/dL on two occasions.
Oral glucose tolerance test -- diabetes is diagnosed if glucose level is higher than 200 mg/dL after 2 hours.
Random (non-fasting) blood glucose level -- diabetes is suspected if higher than 200 mg/dL and accompanied by the classic symptoms of increased thirst, urination, and fatigue (this test must be confirmed with a fasting blood glucose test).
You should see your health care provider every 3 months. At these visits, you can expect your health care provider to::

Check your blood pressure
Check the skin and bones on your feet and legs
Check the sensation on your feet
Exam the back part of the eye with a special lighted instrument called an ophthalmoscope
The following tests will help you and your doctor monitor your diabetes and prevent complications:

Have your blood pressure checked at least every year (blood pressure goals should be 130/80 mm/Hg or lower).
Have your glycosulated hemoglobin (HbA1c) checked every 6 months if your diabetes is well controlled; otherwise every 3 months.
Have your cholesterol and triglyceride levels checked yearly (aim for LDL levels below 100 mg/dL).
Get yearly tests to make sure your kidneys are working well (microalbuminuria and serum creatinine).
Visit your ophthalmologist) at least once a year, or more often if you have signs of diabetic retinopathy.
See the dentist every 6 months for a thorough dental cleaning and exam. Make sure your dentist and hygienist know that you have diabetes.
Kitty  (+ info)

Is it dangerous for women with von Willebrand's disease type 2A to get pregnant?

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I am doing some research on this hereditary bleeding disorder and I'm trying to find the answer to this question. I'm curious to know if it is too dangerous for women with von Willebrand's disease type 2A (the more serious form of the disease) to endure childbirth. Also, should women with this disease avoid getting pregnant because it is frequently passed down through parents to children?
Whether or not someone chooses to have a baby due to the fact that they may pass on the gene is totally up to them. I won't go so far as to say they are not allowed or shouldn't do it. If they choose to do it, it's their choice and I won't judge them at all.

As for getting pregnant, and giving that's completely possible. Many women with von Willebrand's actually show some improvement in their condition because the hormones during pregnancy increase many clotting factors. Also, natural birth is completely possible.

I found this for you:

http://www.drspock.com/faq/0,1511,6395,00.html

There are some dangers, but if the OBGYN and hematologist work together it can be managed quite effectively.

Do a search on Google for "von Willebrand's disease and pregnancy" and you will find more information than you'll know what to do with.  (+ info)

What would the effects be if a non-diabetic was taking tablets meant for a type II diabetic? Could we sue?

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I am asking as a relative of mine has been prescribed tablets for type II diabetes. It turns out that she is NOT diabetic and they have got her mixed up with another patient who has the same first name and a similar surname. She has been on these tablet for over two months. I presume they are to control blood high(?) blood sugar, so what would the effect of these be on someone who is not diabetic?
There are indications for glucophage (metformin) in the non-diabetic, so just because she is non-diabetic doesn't mean they would be harmful. Glucophage is not a secretogogue, which means that it does NOT cause the pancreas to secrete insulin, rather sensitizes the body to its effects. There are other diabetic oral meds that do help the pancreas secrete insulin.

In order to bring a lawsuit there has to be harm. Accidentally giving a wrong medication is not enough in the absence of harm (did he pass out, or have a severe life-threatening reaction to the med?)  (+ info)

Is it possible to have Polycyctic Ovarian Syndrome and Type II Diabetes and have no problems getting pregnant?

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I have PCOS and Type II Diabetes, and I've done some research online about the ability to conceive. But, none of the sites really tell me if it's possible to get pregnant from one try. See my boyfriend and I had unprotected sex, and let's just say he "forgot to pull out". Has anyone like me ever gotten pregnant like that? Anyone with information PLEASE let me know! Thanks!
It is very much possible - women with PCOS / Type II get pregnant all the time (not even knowing they have PCOS and without any fertility meds).

PCOS "may" mean fertility could be reduced. It doesn't mean that you are infertile. Women with PCOS do ovulate, just not as frequently / regularly.

if you were ovulating, one try (and one lucky sperm) is all you need, so it is possible.  (+ info)

Type A mom can have a healthy type B baby. Why doesn’t the baby develop a hemolytic disease type of response?

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I understand Hemolytic disease only pertains to Rh antigen, BUT I don't understand why there isn't a similar type of reaction when a mom is carrying a baby of a different ABO blood group.
Here's a great website which describes blood typing in detail. I hope it helps!

http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=71  (+ info)

How low of blood sugar can a Type II diabetic have before going into a coma?

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My husband has type II diabetes, he is on Metformin and Glyburide. He is now getting far more excersise and eating healthier, but has not adjusted medication. The other morning he woke up because he wasn't feeling well. He tested his blood sugar and it was 36. He drank a soda and had some crackers and peanuts before he felt safe to go back to sleep. He would like to know how dangerous that 36 reading was. We have a friend who we think had a reading of somewhere in the thirties, and when she woke up, she couldn't move or speak. She is fine now, but that was pretty frightening.
Your husband needs to see his doctor to adjust his medication dosage if he is having regular lows. If he has lost weight and changed his lifestyle, he needs to change his medication doses accordingly.

36 mg/dl (2.0 mmol/l) is dangerously low. Symptoms can vary depending on factors such as how FAST his blood glucose dropped. Regardless, this is a dangerous level independent of whether or not it results in a coma. A coma can occur at this level in some people.

Your husband should not drive unless his BG is above 60 mg/dl, and he should have a snack. He needs to test his BG regularly, and should carry glucose gel on him. He needs to see his doctor right away. Hypoglycemia can be very dangerous.

Type 2's generally don't usually go into actual hypoglycemic comas without insulin, as their counter mechanisms to prevent this are intact. However, anything is possible, especially if his medication dose is way too high. It is still unsafe though, and I suggest he call his doctor today and explain the problem.  (+ info)

Is type II diabetes reversable if your not massively over weight?

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Is type II diabetes reversable if your not massively over weight (like over weight like 5 or 10 pounds over?

I thought it was my understanding that all types of diabetes are reversable, but a friend of mine who was recently diagnosed said her type II is not because she isn't massively over weight.

I would like to know who is correct and is it reversable?
According to my diabetics instructor in pharmacy school, type 2 diabetes actually is reversible in some patients. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs--what you get when you're overweight) promote insulin resistance, which is what actually causes the glucose intolerance that is seen in type 2 diabetics.

Diet and exercise alone can result in weight loss which will in turn decrease insulin resistance as well as possibly effect a 0.25-2.9% decrease in A1C (average plasma glucose levels over a 2-4 month time span). This instructor (who is a pharmacist) has even said in class that he has known some patients that were able to stop taking their diabetic medications (and still have normal blood glucose levels) just by diet/exercising and losing weight.

Type 1 diabetes unfortunately cannot be reversed. Islet cell transplantation is an option, unfortunately then you most likely have to deal with immunosuppressant meds, which is just as bad (if not worse) than insulin. Although there has been a report of an islet cell transplant patient not taking immunosuppressant meds and not having complications/rejection issues because of that. So, this therapy may be more popular if no immunosuppression is needed.  (+ info)

What is a type of lung disease that can kill you at a young age?

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I need to know a type of lung disease that will kill you before , approximately sixteen to eighteen years of age. thanks. :)
"Children's Interstitial Lung Disease (ChILD)"  (+ info)

Which of the following statements about type II diabetes is false?

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Which of the following statements about type II diabetes is false?

Type II diabetes can be managed by monitoring blood glucose levels.
Type II diabetes can be managed with drugs that increase cellular responsiveness to insulin.
Type II diabetes can be managed by prescribed diets
Type II diabetes can be managed by insulin injections.
Type II diabetes can be managed by monitoring glucose levels - yes, monitoring helps management.
Type II diabetes can be managed with drugs that increase cellular responsiveness to insulin - some of the oral meds used perform that function.
Type II diabetes can be managed by prescribed diets - diet is an important part of diabetes management.
Type II diabetes can be managed by insulin injections - Many type II diabetics use insulin injections to help manage their disease. Here's some more information on that:
Insulin
Iantidiabetic drugs fail (i.e., the clinical benefit stops), insulin therapy may be necessary – usually in addition to oral medication therapy – to maintain normal or near normal glucose levels.[49][50]

Typical total daily dosage of insulin is 0.6 U/kg.[51] But, of course, best timing and indeed total amounts depend on diet (composition, amount, and timing) as well the degree of insulin resistance. More complicated estimations to guide initial dosage of insulin are:[52]

For men, [(fasting plasma glucose [mmol/liter]–5)x2] x (weight [kg]÷(14.3xheight [m])–height [m])
For women, [(fasting plasma glucose [mmol/liter]–5)x2] x (weight [kg]÷(13.2xheight [m])–height [m])
The initial insulin regimen are often chosen based on the patient's blood glucose profile.[53] Initially, adding nightly insulin to patients failing oral medications may be best.[54] Nightly insulin combines better with metformin than with sulfonylureas.[51] The initial dose of nightly insulin (measured in IU/d) should be equal to the fasting blood glucose level (measured in mmol/L). If the fasting glucose is reported in mg/dl, multiply by 0.05551 to convert to mmol/L.[55]

When nightly insulin is insufficient, choices include:

Premixed insulin with a fixed ratio of short and intermediate acting insulin; this tends to be more effective than long acting insulin, but is associated with increased hypoglycemia.[56][57].[58] Initial total daily dosage of biphasic insulin can be 10 units if the fasting plasma glucose values are less than 180 mg/dl or 12 units when the fasting plasma glucose is above 180 mg/dl".[57] A guide to titrating fixed ratio insulin is available.[53]
Long acting insulins such as insulin glargine and insulin detemir. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by the Cochrane Collaboration found "only a minor clinical benefit of treatment with long-acting insulin analogues for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2".[59] More recently, a randomized controlled trial found that although long acting insulins were less effective, they were associated with reduced hypoglycemic episodes.[56]
Insulin Pump therapy in Type 2 diabetes is gradually becoming popular.In an original published study, in addition to reduction of blood sugars, there is evidence of profound benefits in resistant neuropathic pain and also improvements in sexual performance

so really, none of the statements are false  (+ info)

Can you get any type of disease from having frequent Oral Sex?

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I'm not asking about myself, I'm just wondering if you can get any type of disease from it or not.
Heck Yea!!

You can get herpes, gonorrhea, syphllis, HIV/AIDS, & Chlamydia.  (+ info)

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