What is the connection between malignant neoplasms and crabs?

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The more common term for malignant neoplasms, cancer, is Latin for crab, and the word "carcinogen," meaning a cancer-causing agent, comes from the Greek word for crab, "karkinos." What is the connection between these two seemingly unrelated things?
Cancer, both the disease and the astronomical constellation, derive from the Latin cancer or cancrum, meaning crab. The astrological sign, of course, is said to resemble a crab and the disease was so named by the ancient Greek physician Galen (129-200 A.D.) who noted the similarity between a certain type of tumor with a crab as well—the swollen veins around the tumor resembling the legs of a crab.

Old English adopted cancer directly from Latin and used it for a variety of spreading sores and ulcers. This early sense survives in the modern word canker. From c.1000 in a manuscript called Læce Boc (Leech Book), collected in Oswald Cockayne’s Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England, Vol. II, 1865:

Gemeng wið þam dustum, clæm on ðone cancer.
(Mix with the dust, smear on the cancer.)

And from Wyclif’s 2 Timothy, 1382:

The word of hem crepith as a kankir

The word was being applied specifically to the disease we today call cancer by the beginning of the 17th century. From Philemon Holland’s translation of Pliny’s Historie of the World:

Cancer is a swelling or sore comming of melancholy bloud, about which the veins appeare of a blacke or swert colour, spread in manner of a Creifish clees.

The astronomical sense of cancer is from the Latin name for the constellation of the crab. The name was known to the Anglo-Saxons, but only as a Latin name and was not assimilated into English until the Middle English period. It appears in Ælfric’s De Temporibus Anni, written c.993, in a list of the constellations of the Zodiac:

Feorða • Cancer • þæt is Crabba
(Fourth, Cancer, that is the crab.)

The Anglicized name appears c.1391 in Chaucer’s Treatise on the Astrolabe:

In this heved of cancer is the grettist declinacioun northward of the sonne...this signe of cancre is clepid the tropik of Somer.
(At this first point (head) of cancer is the greatest declination northward of the sun…this sign of cancer is named the tropic of summer.)

(Source: Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition)  (+ info)

What is the difference between Colon Cancer and Intestinal Cancer?

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And how does one get screened for Intestinal cancer?

Colon cancer runs in my family and I have a colonoscopy every year. But I found out that a close relative has Intestinal cancer.
As other peole pointed out, "colon" cancer is a cancer specific of the large intestin, whereas "intestinal" cancer could affect any part of the intestine (including the small intestine, i.e. duodenum, ileum and jujenum).

If colon cancer runs in your family, you are likely to have FAP, or Familial adenomatous polyposis, an inherited colorectal cancer syndrome. People with the classic type of familial adenomatous polyposis may begin to develop multiple noncancerous (benign) polyps (growths) in the colon as early as their teenage years.
This cancer usually develops in the lower part of the digestive system, including the large intestine (colon) and rectum. However, the FAP syndrome could present a risk factor for the cancer of the small intestine (what your relative might have), therefore this person could also carry the genetic mutation that confers cancer predisposition (the APC gene, in the case of FAP).

Feel free to contact me for more information  (+ info)

How do I get rid of intestinal parasites out of a human?

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My bother eats a lot of food but he is still very skinny,
and he is definitely showing signs of having intestinal parasites (round worms, tape worms etc).
How can he get rid of them?
He would need a blood test so the Doctor can identify what parasite your brother has (if any) there are different parasites and different medications for whatever you dealing with. I travel out of the country alot and every time I come back home to the U.S. I have to have blood tests I have had several different parasitic infestations and each one I had a different medication...if you really believe that he does have parasites he really does need a blood test..it doesn't hurt to get one.... then he can receive the right meds..  (+ info)

What are the the sources of intestinal flora ?

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I am having lack in intestinal flora. So, what are the the sources of
potent intestinal flora.
The people answering this question seem to be generating confusion between the terms "intestinal flora" and "probiotics".

Intestinal flora refers to the normal bacteria, fungi and spirochaetes which inhabit the colon; probiotics are specialized bacteria which are intended to replace intestinal flora once they are altered by disease or drugs.

The intestinal flora develop in babies by two routes, from the mouth and from the anus. The flora changes as conditions in the colon change with age, including pH, local redox potiential, and competing other flora.

The only way one "lacks intestinal flora" is if the gut is entirely devoid of bacteria. It takes persistent use of specialized antibiotics to do this, as its done for bone marrow transplant patients. Any other lesser change in intestinal flora, for example by using standard oral antibiotics, produces only a temporary alteration in the flora. Shortly after stopping taking oral antibiotics, teh intestinal flora returns to normal. There is no such thing as "potent" intestinal flora.  (+ info)

Is it common to have intestinal problems and bloating from drinking too much monster?

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I know i probably drink to much vodka and monster mixed, i am a bartender and for the last year i have been drinking a ton of monster and/or red bull. I recently ended up in the ER with terrible bloody diareaha (embarrassing yes) and although i am on antibioatics, i am experienceing terrible intestinal issues. I am very uncomfortable. I also was just told it could be from consuming to much monster? Anyone ever heard of this?
Very common. See what others experienced with these drinks:

http://www.ibsgroup.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=107281&st=0&p=754920&#entry754920

http://blogs.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/2007/08/buzz-on-energy-drinks.html

http://www.ibsgroup.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=92298&mode=threaded&pid=702891

Monster Energy drink has 27 g of sugar per 8 oz, about the same as Red Bull & Vodka

Too much sugar - fructose and artificial sweeteners - can result in diarrhea.
Caffeine has a laxative effect too.  (+ info)

How can a person be save if the intestinal tuberculosis spreads to others parts in the body?

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Can someone be save if they have intestinal tuberculosis and it spreads to other parts in the body is there any treatment or medication

CAN THEY SURVIVE
ye[  (+ info)

Is it normal to become depressed because of excessive intestinal gas expulsion?

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Occasionally after having made poor meal choices I find myself stuck in a small office unable to escape my own intestinal gas. Being stuck in a green cloud of my own stink can trigger feelings of genuine depression. Is this normal?
Buy some over the counter medication for gas, to prevent it. Never heard of depression from relief of gas.  (+ info)

Are intestinal worms a common problem in people in the US?

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I have just heard of intestinal worms in humans. How common is this and is there a treatment prescribed or over the counter?
No. They are very unusual in the states. They may occur in places with less access to good medical care. Maybe in poorer areas, without good sanitation.  (+ info)

How do you know if you have intestinal worms?

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Do people get intestinal worm? If so, how do you get rid of them?
Symptoms of tapeworm:

* Nausea
* Weakness
* Loss of appetite
* Abdominal pain
* Diarrhea
* Weight loss and inadequate absorption of nutrients from food

Your doctor can test for them and prescribe anti-worm tablets (these are generally prescription only)  (+ info)

What is the basis of differing actions of antineoplastic agents on different tissue/neoplasms?

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What is the basis for differing tissue- and neoplasm-specificites of antieoplastic chemotherapeutic agents? This doubt arose because considering what the pharmacokinetics of these drugs are it remains to be answered as to why a certain agent would act only in a particular tissue or neoplasm when the mechanisms they employ are so similar, e.g., various alkylating agents in spite having same action act of different tumors with differing degrees of effectiveness. Hope someone answers the question specifically. Useful links to free-text articles would also be highly appreciated. Bye. TC.
If you have thoughts on this subject, you ought to have the initiative to research it yourself.  (+ info)

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