What is the difference between localized and systemic infections?

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Localized is where the infection is confined to a local area of the body - systemic is where the infection has spread throughtout the body. systemic infections are very serious.  (+ info)

What are the systemic and pulmonary steps of circulation of blood?

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I need every detail, please! There should be 15 or 16 steps.
deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body, through the right ventricle, pulmonary artery then lungs. In the lungs it crosses the alveoli through the capillaries where it gets oxygenated, then returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein, to the left atrium then left ventrical then out through the aorta to the rest of the body. It then returns once again to the heart through the veins.  (+ info)

What are the major blood vessels of the pulmonary and systemic circulation?

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Please a list for each. Thank you .10 pts for best answer
For the pulmonary system I think it is the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. For systemic circulation I believe it is left ventricle and the left artery that are involved. Not 100% sure though.  (+ info)

what is the best cure for systemic candida?

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all i've heard about is the diet, which is practically impossible, and i was hoping there was something else out there that works. what has the highest success rate? help!
Since intestinal candida is a weed, you have to choke out the weed by refusing to feed it (which means cutting out sugar and yeast). But, I've done some other things that help that process along rather quickly:

1. Candex - supplement that contains digestive enzymes that digest the candida and take it out of the body without any die-off reactions - you have to take it on an empty stomach (at night and first thing in the am) because if there is food in the system, it will digest the food instead of the candida. Die off reactions can be brutal so Candex is a life saver!

2. Probiotics - I use Udo's Super 8 High Potency because it has 30 billion good guys per pill and its specially designed to fight yeast. It has to be refrigerated but its a great one - take one in the am and one at night. You can get it online or in your local health food store.

3.Caprylic Acid and Undecenoic Acid - supplements that attack candida. Caprylic acid is the active component of coconut oil found to be stronger than prescription drugs like Diflucan in getting rid of candida. Undecenoic acid is an natural fatty acid that prevents candida from attaching to the intestinal walls starving it off.

Use these together and you should be able to knock out candida in no time!
Good Luck,
Jenn  (+ info)

What is the life expectancy for someone with Systemic Lupis?

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My friend at the age of 15 has this disease, and i know there is currently no cure for it; and it usually doesn't go away fully, but what is the averave life expectancy for someone with this? On top of this, she smokes ciggs and weed and she drinks.
It depends on how aggressive the disease is, and what treatment she takes.  (+ info)

what medicine cures systemic candida which is cause of allergies on the skin?

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I have read that allergies is cause by candida on the intestine walls. What medicine is effective in killing candida(fungi)? If you have try a medicine that has been effective to you please let me know. Thanks in advance:)
Systemic treatments are used for esophageal and disseminated candidiasis. They can also be used for other infections that recur often or do not clear up with topical treatment.
Ketoconazole (Nizoral) is taken at 200 or 400 mg once a day. It needs acid to be absorbed, so it should be taken with food. Antacids should be avoided. It should also not be taken at the same time as other therapies that may contain a buffer or antacid, like ddI (didanosine, Videx). It may not be well absorbed in people with gut problems or who cannot eat very much. Taking it with an acidic drink like a cola may help.

Fluconazole (Diflucan) is taken at 200 mg the first day, then 100 mg once a day thereafter. Treatment typically lasts two weeks for oral or skin candidiasis and three weeks for esophageal infection (or two weeks after symptoms clear up, whichever is longer). The dose may be increased to 400 mg per day if the lower dose does not work.

Studies suggest that fluconazole is more effective than ketoconazole. Some doctors still prefer to treat aggressive fungal infections with other drugs, like ketaconazole, in order to save the potent fluconazole for later use, if necessary. Resistance to fluconazole is well documented. Once it develops, then treatment options are very limited.

Itraconazole (Sporanox) appears to be at least as potent as ketoconazole and may be as good as fluconazole. It needs stomach acid to be absorbed, so it should be taken with food. The dose is 200 mg per day. If not enough drug is being absorbed, blood levels may need to be checked so the dose can be increased.

Itraconazole oral solution is more effective and puts higher levels of the drug in the blood than the capsule. There is a great potential for interactions between itraconazole and many anti-HIV drugs. For more information, read Project Inform's publication, Drug Interactions.

Fungizone (amphotericin B) is given directly into a vein. It's used to treat disseminated candidiasis when other systemic therapies fail or the infection is very aggressive. It is sometimes used with another drug, flucytosine, to treat specific fungal infections like cryptococcal infections.

This used to be the standard treatment for systemic or serious fungal infections. It lasted 8-12 weeks and often gave severe side effects, like kidney damage and anemia. People are now usually given amphotericin B until they start to improve (usually two weeks). They are then switched to fluconazole at 200-400 mg per day.

Other forms of amphotericin B are used when systemic infections become resistant or less responsive to standard therapy. These include amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD, Amphotec) and amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC, Abelcet). These might have fewer side effects than standard amphotericin B, but all of them can be quite toxic.  (+ info)

What's the difference between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation?

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Pulmonary circulation is the blood vasculature circulating around the lungs and systemic circulation is the network of vessels that carry blood around the entire body  (+ info)

How does systemic administration of the corticosteroid hydrocortisone help in recovery after an acute asthma?

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...attack?

i know that corticosteroids have potent anti-inflammatory properties and are used in a wide range of inflammatory conditions such as an acute asthma attack but i want more...
Mast cells are structures that respond to an allergen. They break open releasing a substance called slow reacting substance of anaphalaxis(SRS-a). It is part of the generalized reaction to any irritant even in normal lungs.What it does is cause the membrane in the airways to be influxed with fluid to supply the mucous glands adequate material to make sputum which is intended to "flush" or at least dilute the irritant. Asthmatics tend to over react. So the minimal swelling that normally occurs becomes inflammation. Also the muscles that surround the bronchi constrict in an attempt to limit the intake of the irritating substance. Again, this is a normal reaction but asthmatics over respond.
For this reason Asthma is a threefold problem. If you only treat two of these the patient can still have life threatening problems.
Inflammation- treated with glucosteroids to stabilize the mast cell membrane and therefore control the release of SRS-a.
bronchoconstriction- treated with bronchodilators
Excess mucous productionn- treated with mucolytics and hydration.
Mucous production is a very important factor in that it becomes very thick and tenacious and will plug airways reducing the patient's over lung capacity. This is why in recovering asthmatics they will cough out what are call "casts" They are plugs in which you can see the anatomy of the airway it came from.
Corticosteroids are used usually in the form of Solumedrol in the initial treatment of asthma. Then the patient is put on a descending dose of Prednisone to relieve the residual inflammation and help the body recover from the attack.
Some patients become dependent on steroids and need them for the rest of their lives. This is when you see the chronic effects of steroid use. The additional fatty deposits around the periphery of the face(moon face), deposits of fat between the shoulder blades( buffalo hump) and other deposits around the body. Fragile skin and a few others.
God bless.  (+ info)

Does a heart beat twice to go through both the systemic and pulmonary circuits?

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I understand the "lub-dub" sound of a heart beat comes from the AV and semilunar valves closing, but since we have a pair of each in both sides of the heart, shouldnt there be 2 lub dubs per one complete cycle of blood?
the both sides beat at the same time (simultaneaously).  (+ info)

Has anyone has systemic medication during labor?

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Systemic medication or epidural??? Who has had what? Did one work better than the other? I know systemic medication doesn't numb you as much but how is the medication administered? Epidurals are only through a spinal shot, right? What about systemic medication?
Systemic med are good in early labor if the baby's fetal monitor reading is with in normal limits .Epidurals ARe good because they numb you from the belly down but you are still able to move you legs ( they may feel heavy).Epidurals are not usually give untill active labor (4cm dilation) or if you are being induced.If given to early it can slow down labor...I think a combination of the both work..Lamaze breathing Is also helpful in the early stages of labor...Good Luck  (+ info)

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