11/161. A case of musical agraphia.Damage to the left upper parietal lobule causes pure agraphia. However, we experienced a patient who exhibited musical agraphia following such a lesion after the agraphia improved. The patient was a 53-year-old female piano teacher. After surgery, she exhibited agraphia and musical agraphia. There was no expressive amusia, receptive amusia, aphasia, agnosia or apraxia. Fifteen months post-surgery, when her agraphia had resolved, her abilities to read, write, and copy music were evaluated. She could read and write single notes and musical signs, but her ability to write a melody was seriously impaired. Furthermore, the salient impairment was in writing rhythm rather than pitch. She could copy music, but only slowly. We consider her a case of pure musical agraphia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = agraphia, pure agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/161. Alexia caused by a fusiform or posterior inferior temporal lesion.We evaluated the alexia and agraphia of three patients with different lesions using Japanese kanji (morphograms) and kana (phonograms) and made a lesion-to-symptom analysis. Patient 1 (pure alexia for both kanji and kana and minor agraphia for kanji after a fusiform lesion) made more paragraphic errors for kanji, whereas patient 2 (alexia with agraphia for kanji after a posterior inferior temporal lesion) showed severe reading and writing disturbances and more agraphic errors for kanji. Brodmann Area 37 was affected in both patients, but in patient 2 the lesion was located lateral to that in patient 1. Patient 3 showed agraphia without alexia after restricted lesion to the angular gyrus. We believe that pure alexia (patient 1) results from a disconnection between the medial fusiform gyrus and posterior inferior temporal area (the lateral fusiform and inferior temporal gyri), whereas alexia with agraphia for kanji (patient 2), corresponding to lexical agraphia in Western countries, results from damage to the posterior inferior temporal area, in which whole-word images of words are thought to be stored. Furthermore, restricted lesion in the angular gyrus (patient 3) does not produce alexia; the alexic symptom of "angular" alexia with agraphia may be the result of damage to the adjacent lateral occipital gyri.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.60238355381567keywords = agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/161. Cerebral localization of the center for reading and writing music.The mechanisms that underlie the ability to read and write music remain largely unclear compared to those involved in reading and writing language. We had the extremely rare opportunity to study the cerebral localization of the center for reading and writing music in the case of a professional trombonist. During rehearsal immediately before a concert, he suffered a hemorrhage that was localized to the left angular gyrus, the area that has long been known as the center for the ability to read and write. Detailed tests revealed that he showed symptoms of alexia with agraphia for both musical scores and language.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.086054793402238keywords = agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/161. Two different dysgraphic syndromes in a regular orthography, spanish.In opaque orthographies, such as English and French, three central dysgraphic syndromes have been described: surface dysgraphia, phonological dysgraphia, and deep dysgraphia. writing breakdown patterns reveal that spelling can proceed by phoneme-to-grapheme conversion, or by a more direct or lexical approach. Ardila et al. (1989, 1991) claim that for Spanish speakers a lexical strategy for reading and writing is not an option due to the regularity of the orthography of this language. In this study we report two clear cases of dysgraphia in Spanish, one of surface dysgraphia and another of phonological dysgraphia, where a dissociation between lexical and sublexical writing can be observed, thus contradicting Ardila's position.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.020055656991041keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/161. Alexia without agraphia: a century later.A case of alexia without agraphia is presented. It is a rare but classic disconnection syndrome, first described by Dejerine in 1892. Recent advances in modern neuroimaging techniques such as FLAIR MRI can now localise in vivo the site of origin of the syndrome, especially when computerised axial tomogram of the brain is normal.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.43027396701119keywords = agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/161. Phonological agraphia following a focal anterior insulo-opercular infarction.Following a unique infarction, restricted to the left anterior insula and the adjacent part of the intrasylvian frontal opercular cortex, an 83-year-old right-handed patient acutely developed a severe speech disorder that evolved into mere mutism within a few hours. After rapid recovery from mutism, oral language was characterized by severe apraxia of speech. In-depth language investigations further disclosed an isolated, highly selective disturbance of the spelling system (phonological agraphia) which resolved rapidly. One year after onset of neurological symptoms, the apraxia of speech had almost completely receded. The anatomoclinical findings in this first representative of pure and nearly isolated phonological agraphia complement previous neuroanatomical and neurolinguistic accounts of phonological agraphia. The data not only seem to enrich current insights in the anatomical locus for phonological agraphia, they also seem to contribute to a further delineation of the insular role in phonologically mediated aphasic manifestations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.68843834721791keywords = agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/161. Pure Kana agraphia as a manifestation of graphemic buffer impairment.We report a left-handed man who demonstrated a pure agraphia limited to words written in Kana characters (syllabograms) following a right putaminal hemorrhage. writing words in Kanji characters (logograms) was well preserved. His performance in Kana writing was characterized by intact ability to write single syllables, error increase in the second half of words directly proportional to the word length and correct but slow writing of words using kana blocks. Errors were more prominent in Hiragana words than Katakana words which are usually used to transcribe foreign words. Acoustic-grapheme sequencing per se was not impaired as shown by his correct performance in arranging character blocks. These findings suggest selective damage to the graphemic buffer, a module that temporarily maintains the graphemic representation elaborated in previous stages before it is sent to the peripheral systems for its motor realization.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.48367123958657keywords = agraphia, pure agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/161. Jargonagraphia with severe aphasia due to a right hemisphere lesion: case report.The authors report a case of a patient who developed jargonagraphia, severe aphasia, unilateral spatial neglect and apraxia due to a right hemisphere lesion. Jargonagraphia with severe aphasia, unilateral spatial neglect and apraxia is quite rare. The mechanisms of jargonagraphia remain unknown. A possible mechanism underlying this case of jargonagraphia is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.68843834721791keywords = agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/161. Word-centred neglect dyslexia: evidence from a new case.Neglect dyslexia resulting from damage to word-centred representations is extremely rare. We report on a new case. A left-handed subject, SVE, presented with aphasia and neglect dyslexia/dysgraphia following a right hemisphere stroke. In tachistoscopic reading tasks, some of his errors resulted from retina-centred neglect, as he responded more accurately to words flashed in the left visual field than to words flashed in the right visual field. However, the critical aspects of his reading performance indicated word-centred neglect. SVE incorrectly produced the initial elements of four-letter words, regardless of stimulus location (to the left and to the right of fixation, or at fixation), and orientation (horizontal and vertical presentation). A similar distribution of errors was demonstrated in writing (very inaccurate performance on initial letters). This pattern of performance suggests damage to an abstract letter string representation defined by spatial coordinates, rather than to an ordering mechanism. It is most naturally accommodated by models of word recognition which assume a word-centred level of representation, and cannot be explained by models which do not include such a representational level. Consideration of our subject in the light of other similar reports prompts hypotheses on the neural mechanisms involved in computing word-centred representations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0033426094985068keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/161. letter and number writing in agraphia: a single-case study.The gradual recovery of writing abilities of a patient whose processing of Arabic numerals and alphabetic script evolved differently over time is reported. writing of multidigit numerals was achieved when writing of letters was nil. However, despite an initial advantage for numbers, the final examination disclosed fluent and correct writing of letters and words together with specific syntactic difficulties in complex Arabic numerals. The differential improvement for Arabic and alphabetic stimuli is partly explained in terms of different processing requirements rather than in terms of script-specific mechanisms only.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.34421917360895keywords = agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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