1/145. Solitary plasmacytoma of the larynx and upper trachea associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.Solitary plasmacytoma rarely involves the larynx and trachea. This tumor caused severe laryngeal and tracheal obstruction in an adolescent female with systemic lupus erythematosus of nine years' duration. Her systemic disease had been in remission at the time she developed symptoms of laryngeal and tracheal obstruction by plasmacytoma invasion. A complete survey failed to reveal any other focus of tumor. Because steroid therapy failed to clear the plasma cell infiltrate, she was treated with irradiation after the tumor was surgically debulked endoscopically. Postirradiation biopsy showed no evidence of tumor, but the patient continued to experience moderate airway obstruction from fibrosis in the irradiated trachea. The patient has been followed, and is free of disease nine years after establishing the diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = larynx (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/145. Wegener's granulomatosis causing laryngeal and tracheobronchial obstruction in an adolescent girl.A 12-year-old girl presenting with a painful neck mass and ulcerated gingival lesions was found to have Wegener's granulomatosis involving the gingivae, paranasal sinuses, ears, mastoids, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs, kidneys and joints. The initial illness and two subsequent exacerbations were treated with intravenous and oral cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Secondary infections have been managed with establishment of good drainage and use of appropriate antibiotics. The patient is well with a normal sedimentation rate 4 1/2 years after the onset of her disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = larynx (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/145. Laryngeal scleroma.Respiratory scleroma is a chronic, progressive granulomatous disease of the respiratory tract. The causal organism is the klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. The disease has three stages: the initial catarrhal stage, granulomatous stage, and sclerotic stage. The object of this report was to determine the clinical behaviour of the laryngeal scleroma. The study included 17 patients with this manifestation characterized by airway obstruction and dysphonia. The report revealed that respiratory scleroma affected the larynx in 40%, and the principal findings were glottic/subglottic stenosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = larynx (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/145. An unusual presentation of an encephalocele to the otolaryngologist.An unusual case of encephalocele causing obstruction of the upper airway in a neonate is described. The patient presented with a large mass in the neck, which extended from the base of the skull to the level of the larynx. Although there was no evidence of a defect of the skull base, subsequent excision and histological examination confirmed an encephalocele.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = larynx (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/145. airway obstruction by Ascaris, roundworm in a burned child.ascaris lumbricoides, roundworm, is a Nematode parasite infecting about 1 billion people worldwide. We report the case of a ten-year-old Bedouin girl hospitalized with burns to 45% of her body surface area, including the face. The patient was intubated upon admission and mechanically ventilated. Four days later she was extubated but required reintubation 15 min later for severe hypoxemia. laryngoscopy disclosed an unidentified tube which obstructed the opening of the larynx. The 'tube' was removed by Magill forceps. The object was identified as a 35 cm long Ascaris roundworm. Once the worm was removed the patients' respiratory condition dramatically improved. We review the main features of Ascaris infection and some similar cases of airway obstruction caused by this worm.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = larynx (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/145. focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz-Gorlin syndrome) associated with obstructive papillomatosis of the larynx and hypopharynx.A 14-year-old girl with focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz-Gorlin-syndrome) presented with dysphagia, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, intermittent dry cough and a 10% weight loss. endoscopy showed that these symptoms were caused by papillomatosis of the hypopharynx and the larynx. The papillomatous masses were resected subtotally by endoscopic laser treatment. Residual papillomas were left in the subglottic space but tracheotomy could be avoided. Complete clinical recovery with adequate weight gain as well as, resolution of dyspnoe and dysphagia resulted after the intervention. Histological examination did not show morphological signs of human papilloma virus as an etiological agent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = larynx (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/145. Pediatric vocal fold medialization with silastic implant: intraoperative airway management.Vocal fold immobility accounts for 10% of all congenital laryngeal abnormalities, second only to laryngomalacia. Acquired unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) is generally due to surgical trauma. The problems associated with this condition include a breathy dysphonia, weak cough, and aspiration. Treatment involves observation, voice and swallowing therapy, and various surgical options. Medialization laryngoplasty with silastic implant (ML-s) is a very successful procedure with consistent results in the adult population. It is usually done under local anesthesia with sedation to allow the voice to be monitored during the procedure. The surgeon can then fashion a custom implant or use a specific prefabricated implant. Additionally, use of the flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscope (FFNPL) allows the surgeon to see the endolarynx during the procedure, thus avoiding overmedialization and airway obstruction. Children, however, do not tolerate such invasive procedures under local anesthesia and sedation, have much smaller airways and, therefore, present several problems when addressing this problem surgically. Management of the pediatric airway during ML-s can be achieved using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and the FFNPL. While this does not allow the voice to be assessed intraoperatively, appropriate medialization of the vocal fold can be judged via the FFNPL, and airway obstruction avoided. ML-s using the LMA and FFNPL was performed in two children aged 8 and 4 years old. Both had excellent voice results and no complications. The details of these cases are reported. The literature on treatment of UVFI in children is reviewed, and practical and theoretical issues discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8.2372557412913keywords = laryngomalacia, larynx (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/145. Primary amyloidosis of the larynx.Primary laryngeal amyloidosis is a rare benign disease of unknown aetiology. It can present with dysphonia or stridor. A woman presenting with airway compromise, who required a tracheostomy, is reported.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.8keywords = larynx (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/145. Breath-holding-like spells in an infant: an unusual presentation of lingual thyroglossal duct cyst.The authors report the case of an infant with a lingual thyroglossal duct cyst who presented with breath-holding-like spells, which actually represented life-threatening ball-valve obstruction of the larynx, leading to hypoxemia and transient cerebral dysfunction. When evaluating apparent breath-holding spells in young infants, physicians should include dynamic, episodic upper airway obstruction in the differential diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = larynx (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/145. lingual thyroid--a threat to the airway.The occurrence of a thyroid gland superficially placed on the pharyngeal portion of the tongue is rare, but poses problems to the patient and anaesthetist. This report describes a patient with a lingual thyroid and a history of problems associated with it that resulted in admission to the ICU and warnings about future intubation of the larynx. The patient underwent awake tracheal intubation using a standard fibreoptic assisted technique, and was advised that she purchase an appropriate Medic-Alert bracelet.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = larynx (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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