11/41. Lexical morphology and its role in the writing process: evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia.A case of acquired dysgraphia is presented in which the deficit is attributed to an impairment at the level of the Graphemic Output Buffer. It is argued that this patient's performance can be used to identify the representational character of the processing units that are stored in the Orthographic Output Lexicon. In particular, it is argued that the distribution of spelling errors and the types of lexical items which affect error rates indicate that the lexical representations passed from the lexical output system to the Graphemic Output Buffer correspond to the productive morphemes of the language.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/41. Optic aphasia, optic apraxia, and loss of dreaming.A 47-year-old man with a left temporo-occipital infarct in the area of the posterior cerebral artery is presented. The neuropsychological examination did not reveal aphasia or gross mental deficits. The patient presented with alexia without agraphia, color agnosia, but few visual perceptual deficits. The main impairment was in confrontation naming; he was incapable of naming objects and pictures, not from lack of recognition (excluding visual agnosia) but from lack of access to the appropriate word (optic aphasia). The patient also exhibited a deficit in the evocation of gesture from the visual presentation of an object (optic apraxia) and a difficulty in "conjuring up" visual images of objects (impaired visual imagery) and loss of dreams. The fundamental deficit of this patient is tentatively explained in terms of visuoverbal and visuogestural disconnection and a deficit of mental imagery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.71348539898414keywords = agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/41. Acquired crossed aphasia in a child.A case is reported of acquired aphasia in a 15-year-old right-handed boy, secondary to a right occipitotemporal tumour. He had aphasia, alexia, agraphia and visuospatial disturbances, which persisted after partial removal of the neoplasm. 15 days after surgery he had an episode of left focal seizures, after which the aphasia worsened. One month later he developed severe (global) aphasia associated with rostral extension of the tumour. Although crossed aphasia was previously considered common in children, there are few reports with anatomical confirmation. In the authors' own series of 31 children with acquired aphasia this is the only case of crossed aphasia, an incidence similar to that found in adult cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.71348539898414keywords = agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/41. The graphemic buffer and attentional mechanisms.Two patients with acquired dysgraphia were reported. The patients' performance in various written and oral spelling tasks converge in support of the hypothesis that they have selective damage, within the spelling system, to the Graphemic Buffer. Although the patients present with comparable patterns of error types, they differ in the distribution of errors as a function of letter position in words. The patients' patterns of errors are compared to previously reported patterns of spelling errors in dysgraphic patients and are discussed in terms of hypothesized mechanisms that operate on the representations that are stored in the Graphemic Buffer.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/41. Recognizing orally spelled words: an analysis of procedures shared with reading and spelling.Some investigators have suggested that recognizing orally spelled words is dependent on the same procedures ordinarily used in spelling, whereas others have viewed it either as dependent on reading procedures or as an independent ability. In the present study, a single subject with dyslexia and dysgraphia was examined on parallel tests of recognizing orally spelled words, reading, and spelling (writing), and a comparison was made of his performance on the three tasks. On both words and nonwords, the patient's errors in recognizing orally spelled words and in reading were alike, whereas his spelling errors were often different. The distinction between recognizing orally spelled words and spelling was further shown by his inability to recognize a set of orally spelled words that he could write correctly to dictation or on the basis of word meaning. These findings suggest that the procedures normally used for reading can accept sequences of letter identities as input when orally spelled words must be recognized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/41. Variation in the pattern of omissions and substitutions of grammatical morphemes in the spontaneous speech of so-called agrammatic patients.We describe the patterns of omissions (and substitutions) of freestanding grammatical morphemes and the patterns of substitutions of bound grammatical morphemes in 20 so-called agrammatic patients. Extreme variation was observed in the patterns of omissions and substitutions of grammatical morphemes, both in terms of the distribution of errors for different grammatical morphemes as well as in terms of the distribution of omissions versus substitutions. Results are discussed in the context of current debates concerning the possibility of a theoretically motivated distinction between the clinical categories of agrammatism and paragrammatism and, more generally, concerning the theoretical usefulness of any clinical category. The conclusion is reached that the observed heterogeneity in the production of grammatical morphemes among putatively agrammatic patients renders the clinical category of agrammatism, and by extension all other clinical categories from the classical classification scheme (e.g., Broca's aphasia, wernicke's aphasia, and so forth) to more recent classificatory attempts (e.g., surface dyslexia, deep dysgraphia, and so forth), theoretically useless.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/41. Disconnection syndrome in a right-handed patient with right hemispheric speech dominance.The callosal disconnection syndrome is characterized by unilateral (left) tactile anomia, unilateral (left) agraphia and unilateral (left) ideomotor apraxia. We report on a right-handed patient, who developed a callosal disconnection syndrome due to the rupture of an anterior communicant aneurysm. As he had right hemisphere dominance for language and praxis, the signs described above were crossed. He also featured a left alien hand sign and motor aprosody. The authors believe this is the first case of callosal disconnection in a right-hander with crossed language and praxis functions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.71348539898414keywords = agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/41. Left-hemisphere missile injury. A clinical and anatomical case study, with 25-year follow up.A case is reported of left-hemisphere missile injury sustained in 1944. A stable pattern of selective loss (dysphasia, dyslexia, dysgraphia, and verbal memory impairment) and intact abilities (perceptual and spatial skills and nonverbal memory) was followed up for 25 years. No progressive or generalized intellectual deterioration to suggest interaction between this brain injury and normal aging was observed. The clinical and neuropsychological sequelae are related to the detailed postmortem findings.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/41. Subcortical crossed aphasia: a case report.A 74-year-old, right-handed woman suffered acute aphasia and left hemiplegia secondary to a cerebral infarction in the right cerebral hemisphere. The lesion was located deep in the parietal lobe and extended to the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the head of the caudate nucleus. The patient's aphasia was characterized by severe impairment in auditory and visual comprehension and auditory retention span, as well as by anomia, agraphia, and dyscalculia. She showed rapid recovery from her aphasia, with residual deficits in writing, naming, calculation, and memory.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.71348539898414keywords = agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/41. Visual and phonological factors in acquired dysgraphia.The written spelling behaviour of a severely aphasic patient, whose many errors suggested a strong influence of visuo-spatial representations, is described. An experiment was carried out to confirm or refute the importance of visual factors in spelling to dictation. The strongest confirmatory evidence was the patient's propensity for writing the individual letters of a word in nonlinear order, i.e. not left to right, sometimes even beginning in the middle of a word. The influence of whole visual word-contours was also examined. Analysis of the results suggested that, in addition to the visual element, certain phonological factors played a small part in the patient's repertoire of strategies and this was confirmed in a second experiment. The patient's multi-strategy approach to written spelling is discussed on the basis of an information-flow model. This leads on to consideration of the possibility of consolidating the residual phonological system as part of a re-education plan.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.8keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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