1/88. arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia masquerading as dilated cardiomyopathy.This is a case report of 2 patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias. At the time of cardiac transplantation they were found to have right ventricular dysplasia with left ventricular involvement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ventricular dysplasia, right ventricular dysplasia, dysplasia, cardiomyopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/88. Atrial epicardial pacing with long stimulus to P wave interval in a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia complicated by right atrial thrombosis.Atrial epicardial pacing with a long stimulus to P wave interval in a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia complicated by right atrial thrombosis is discussed. arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is associated with a high incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Most patients with ARVD need antiarrhythmic drugs, catheter ablation, or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. We report a patient with ARVD in whom effective treatment with sotalol caused severe, symptomatic sinus bradycardia requiring permanent pacing. Due to leftward displacement of the right ventricle and the presence of two thrombi in the right atrium, an epicardial atrial lead and AAI pacemaker were implanted. A long stimulus to P wave interval caused by severe dilatation of the right atrium was recorded. During a 6 months of follow-up on sotalol treatment there were neither ventricular tachycardia (VT) attacks nor pacing problems.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.354575154819keywords = ventricular dysplasia, arrhythmogenic, right ventricular dysplasia, arrhythmogenic right, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, dysplasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/88. Clinical and pathologic study of two siblings with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.ARVC is a cardiomyopathy in which the right ventricular myocardium is replaced by fibroadipose tissue. Males are affected slightly more often than females and, in those cases which are familial, the pattern of inheritance is usually autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. We examined the hearts of two sisters, ages 17 and 14, with no family history of heart disease. The older sibling, who was previously considered healthy, died suddenly, while the younger sibling developed congestive heart failure and received a cardiac transplant. An autopsy of the older sibling and examination of the younger sibling's excised heart revealed severe examples of ARVC with minor differences. A thick cap of fibroadipose tissue covered most, if not all, of each right ventricle and was transmural in some areas. Microscopically, lelt ventricles contained extensive myocyte disarray and multifocal fibrosis. The coronary arteries displayed intimal hyperplasia with disruption of the internal elastic lamina, similar to fibromuscular dysplasia. These two cases comprise a unique familial grouping in a polymorphic disease. Despite the male predominance and autosomal dominant inheritance in ARVC, the only members affected in this family were female, and an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, even with incomplete penetrance, would be unusual. In addition, we identified changes in the coronary arteries similar to fibromuscular dysplasia and corroborated recently reported changes in the left ventricle of patients with ARVC, providing evidence that this disease, in its most severe form, involves the entire heart.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3196100191789keywords = arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic, arrhythmogenic right, right ventricular cardiomyopathy, ventricular cardiomyopathy, dysplasia, cardiomyopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/88. Myocyte transdifferentiation: a possible pathogenetic mechanism for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.Adipose substitution of ventricular myocardium is characteristic of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, but is also found in other heart conditions. It is thought to be a consequence of myocyte loss due to myocarditis or other noxious stimuli. We describe a unique case of cardiomyopathy with a morphologic pattern suggestive of transdifferentiation from myocytes to mature adipocytes. Gross, histologic, and ultrastructural examination were performed on the heart of a female transplant patient with a clinical diagnosis of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Gross examination showed fibroadipose substitution of the left ventricle and adipose replacement of the right. histology, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructure were highly suggestive of transdifferentiation from cardiac muscle to adipose tissue. Myocyte transdifferentiation could represent an alternative pathogenetic pathway to the myocyte-loss and adipose-replacement mechanism in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, or it could be the basis of a new type of familial cardiomyopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.9793653108069keywords = arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic, arrhythmogenic right, right ventricular cardiomyopathy, ventricular cardiomyopathy, cardiomyopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/88. A case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in sinus rhythm associated with thrombus in the right atrium.We describe a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARCV) in sinus rhythm associated with thrombus in the right atrium. The occurrence of a right heart thrombus in ARCV is extremely rare and, to our knowledge, has been previously reported only in the right ventricle. In our case, ARCV most probably led to right atrial spontaneous echo contrast, and later, right atrial thrombus formation by blood stasis caused by right ventricular systolic dysfunction. In conclusion, our case suggests that right atrial thrombus may occur in ARCV, even in sinus rhythm.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6494432985158keywords = arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic, arrhythmogenic right, right ventricular cardiomyopathy, ventricular cardiomyopathy, cardiomyopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/88. Ablation of ventricular tachycardia by isolating the critical site in a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.We describe a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in whom ventricular tachycardia (VT) was ablated by isolating a relatively large area of the critical site using catheter ablation. Endocardial mapping showed abnormal fragmented electrograms with delayed potential (DP) from an entire area of the aneurysm. Pace mappings from the aneurysm produced a QRS morphology identical to that of clinical VT. After catheter ablation was performed at the exit site of the VT critical area, programmed stimulation inside the aneurysm captured the DP but not the QRS complexes. These data suggest that VT can be ablated successfully by isolation of the critical area.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6494432985158keywords = arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic, arrhythmogenic right, right ventricular cardiomyopathy, ventricular cardiomyopathy, cardiomyopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/88. Pacing in right ventricular dysplasia after disconnection surgery.This report describes a 33-year-old patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) dysplasia who had a dual chamber pacemaker implanted at age 23 years for drug-induced bradycardia. Pacing was continued after right ventricular free-wall disconnection (RVFWD) at age 24 years. Her pacemaker was not replaced after battery depletion 7 years later. She presented the following year in severe right-sided heart failure. Her old pacemaker generator was replaced. This was followed by rapid resolution of her clinical failure and return to a full, active, physical lifestyle. This observation suggests the potential benefit of dual chamber pacing in patients with RV dysplasia after RVFWD.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.97740117689928keywords = ventricular dysplasia, arrhythmogenic, right ventricular dysplasia, arrhythmogenic right, dysplasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/88. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with an initial manifestation of severe left ventricular impairment and normal contraction of the right ventricle.A case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) with an initial manifestation of severe impairment of the left ventricle (LV) and normal contraction of the right ventricle (RV) is presented. A 43-year-old man was admitted to hospital because of congestive heart failure following a common cold. The LV function was diffusely and severely hypokinetic. Coronary arteriogram revealed normal vessels. An endomyocardial biopsy specimen obtained from the RV septum revealed mild infiltration of lymphocytes with focal myocytes necrosis and so healing myocarditis was suspected. The specimen did not include any fatty replacement of myocytes. Since then, the patient suffered from recurrent congestive heart failure as well as nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and required frequent hospitalization. Progressive impairment, dilation, and thinning of both ventricles were observed on serial echocardiographic examinations. Although the RV gradually enlarged and became impaired, severe dilatation and impairment of the LV has always been predominant in the patient's clinical course. After medical follow-up for 10 years, he died suddenly of ventricular fibrillation and pump failure. The autopsy revealed extensive fibrofatty replacement of myocytes in both the ventricles, extending from the outer layer to the inner layer of myocardium in the RV and to the middle layer in the LV. These features were compatible with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or perimyocarditis, although only the rightsided bundle of the interventricular septum was completely replaced by fatty tissue, which can not be explained as a sequel of perimyocarditis. Moreover, apoptosis was present in the myocyte nuclei of the myocardial layers bordering the area of fatty replacement. Therefore, myocarditis may have triggered or accelerated the process of apoptosis leading to ARVC.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.84523250416501keywords = arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic, arrhythmogenic right, right ventricular cardiomyopathy, ventricular cardiomyopathy, cardiomyopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/88. Chronic right-sided myocarditis mimicking arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a cause of right ventricular heart failure and has been implicated in some cases of sudden death in young adults. It is well known that a large majority of patients with ARVD have histological evidence suggestive of inflammation. Here we report a unique case of chronic myocarditis limited to the right ventricle and right side of the interventricular septum which presented clinically as ARVD. The fact that right sided myocarditis can clinically mimic the genetic disease of classic arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia has therapeutic implications for the patient and relatives.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.354575154819keywords = ventricular dysplasia, arrhythmogenic, right ventricular dysplasia, arrhythmogenic right, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, dysplasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/88. arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. An illustrated review highlighting developments in the diagnosis and management of this potentially fatal condition.arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is an inherited, progressive condition. Characterised by fatty infiltration of the right ventricle, it frequently results in life threatening cardiac arrhythmias, and is one of the important causes of sudden cardiac death in the young. There are characteristic electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features that all physicians need to be aware of if we are to reduce these occurrences of premature death. diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging is discussed along with current treatment options.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.99995552988287keywords = ventricular dysplasia, right ventricular dysplasia, dysplasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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