1/16. Traumatic central retinal artery occlusion with sickle cell trait.An 8-year-old black boy with sickle cell trait struck his left brow and globe on the edge of a table and had immediate blurring of vision. Six days later visual acuity was light projection, and traumatic iritis with secondary glaucoma and perimacular edema were present. fluorescein angiography indicated obstructed peripheral and perimacular arterioles and dye leakage from the disk.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriole (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/16. Atypical cotton-wool spots.Atypical cotton-wool spots in four selected cases of diabetic retinopathy are discussed. The most striking characteristic distinguishing them from typical cotton-wool spots is their size, which ranges from about 2 to 4 disc diameters. They develop after stenosis or a complete obstruction of a first order arteriole at the point at which it emerges from the parent arterial branch. The size of the lesion corresponds with the size of the affected arteriole. Restoration of local circulation is attempted by neighbouring arterioles and venules, the latter carrying a reversed blood flow. Arterio-venous communications along the border of the infarcted area are a prominent feature, most likely attributable to the necessity of free drainage of the arterial influx. The same haemodynamic principle applies to the coarsening of the adjacent capillary bed. Secondary changes of the bordering venous branches include aneurysm formation and the staining of the venous wall.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = arteriole (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/16. Retinal ischemia in diabetic retinopathy.Eight patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy developed extensive retinal arteriolar and capillary obstruction. ophthalmoscopy showed many white, thread-like retinal arterioles associated with capillary and venous dilatation. Widespread retinal arteriolar and capillary nonperfusion was demonstrated by fluorescein angiography. Ischemic maculopathy resulted in severe loss of visual acuity in some eyes. The severe degree of retinal ischemia was accompanied by optic disc pallor and neovascularization and a high incidence of rubeosis iridis with neovascular glaucoma. patients with this variety of diabetic retinopathy have a poor prognosis of retaining useful vision.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriole (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/16. Multiple major retinal vascular occlusions in sickle cell haemoglobin C disease.A case of multiple occlusions of different sized arterioles involving the central area of the fundus has been reported in a patient suffering from sickle cell haemoglobin C disease (SC).- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriole (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/16. Bilateral ophthalmic artery occlusion in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and central nervous system lymphoma.PURPOSE: Clinical course and autopsy findings in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus-1 immunodeficiency, central nervous system lymphoma, and bilateral, simultaneous ophthalmic artery occlusions. DESIGN: Observational case report. methods: Clinical examination, fundus photography, gross and microscopic pathologic study. RESULTS: Fundus photographs disclosed stasis in retinal arterioles, the absence of a cherry-red spot; internal carotid arteriography disclosed bilateral ophthalmic artery occlusions; postmortem histopathologic examination disclosed bilateral ophthalmic artery atherosclerosis, retinal ischemic necrosis, ischemic optic neuropathy, diffuse large-cell lymphoma of multiple areas of the central nervous system, cytomegalovirus encephalitis, atherosclerosis, and bronchopneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: A 47-year-old male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, profound immunodeficiency, systemic hypertension, and central nervous system lymphoma, developed deep vein thrombosis, bilateral ophthalmic artery occlusions, and died of pneumonia 7 weeks after the onset of blindness. Postmortem study revealed bilateral ophthalmic artery hemorrhagic atherosclerosis, ischemic optic neuropathy, ischemic retinal necrosis, diffuse large-cell central nervous system lymphoma, cytomegalovirus encephalitis, pneumonitis, and systemic atherosclerosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriole (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/16. Ophthalmodynamometric diagnosis of unilateral ischemic ophthalmopathy.PURPOSE: To describe a patient presenting with typical signs of vascular occlusive retinopathy. DESIGN: Observational case report. methods: A 65-year-old man experienced painless unilateral loss of vision to 4/20 in his left eye. ophthalmoscopy of the left eye showed pronounced attenuation of the retinal arterioles, ischemic retinal edema, and a few intraretinal hemorrhages. fluorescein angiography revealed a diffusely reduced retinal perfusion typical of retinal occlusive disease. Using a new ophthalmodynamometer with a pressure sensor at the mounting support of a conventional Goldmann contact lens, we additionally measured the diastolic central retinal artery collapse pressure. RESULTS: The diastolic central retinal artery collapse pressure was significantly lower in the left eye than in the right eye (14.7 /- 2.4 relative units vs 51.7 /- 4.3 relative units; P <.001). Both values were significantly (P =.03) lower than those in a control group (80.9 /- 6.9 relative units). Doppler sonography revealed a total occlusion of the left carotid artery and a nonrelevant stenosis of the right carotid artery. CONCLUSIONS: A new ophthalmodynamometric device consisting of a pressure sensor at the mounting support of a Goldmann contact lens was helpful in detecting carotid artery occlusion leading to ischemic ophthalmopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriole (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/16. Occlusive retinal arteriolitis with neovascularization.A 34-year-old white woman who had used oral contraceptives for six years showed an occlusive bilateral retinal arteriolitis that resulted in a branch arteriolar occlusion in the right eye and retinal neovascularization. Three years later, we observed active arteriolitis in the left eye with successive occlusion of several branch arterioles. The disease has shown spontaneous remissions and exacerbations. An extensive medical evaluation revealed only old pulmonary granulomatous disease and an elevated sedimentation rate in association with exacerbations of the arteriolitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriole (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/16. Acute skin and fat necrosis during sepsis in a patient with chronic renal failure and subcutaneous arterial calcification.Calcification of small subcutaneous arteries and arterioles is commonly found in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), but the syndrome of acute ischemic necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous fat supplied by these vessels is relatively uncommon. The necrosis occurs during dialysis and after successful renal transplantation, and it is often fatal. Occlusion of the calcified arteries and associated microvessels by thrombi is reported infrequently, but it is relevant to the necrosis. However, the pathogenesis remains enigmatic. In the patient described here, who had CRF, bacteremia, and laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the distribution of thrombi and necrosis was mainly that of the calcified arteries which, therefore, probably played a role in the localization of the thrombi. An increased susceptibility of the endothelium of calcified vessels to the procoagulant effects of sepsis may be a contributing factor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriole (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/16. Neovascular glaucoma and carotid artery obstructive disease.Carotid artery obstructive disease, although infrequently diagnosed as a primary or contributing cause of neovascular glaucoma, can produce distinctive characteristics. Decreased perfusion of the ciliary body may decrease aqueous humor production. As a result, such eyes with neovascular glaucoma may occasionally be normotensive or even hypotensive. fluorescein angiography may show an increased arm-to-retina time and leakage from the major retinal arterioles. Panretinal photocoagulation may not eliminate the anterior segment neovascularization because of anterior segment ischemia. endarterectomy can significantly increase intraocular pressure as perfusion to the ciliary body returns to normal. These characteristics were found in two patients, a 67-year-old woman and a 49-year-old man, with diabetes and hypertension. In both cases cyclocryotherapy significantly reduced the intraocular pressure and the rubeosis iridis regressed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriole (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/16. Renovascular hypertension: a case of intimal fibroplasia with congenital anomaly of the renal artery.We report a case of renovascular hypertension caused by fibromuscular dysplasia (intimal fibroplasia) with congenital anomaly of the renal artery. Arteriography revealed complete occlusion from the root to the middle of the right renal artery and a collateral artery from the right lumbar artery. Histological examination showed intimal fibroplasia and three arterioles in the intima of the renal artery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriole (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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