11/36. salmonella urinary tract infection in pregnancy.Two cases of urinary tract infection in pregnancy are presented in which non-typhoid salmonellas were isolated in significant numbers from the urine. The implications of urinary tract excretion of salmonellas on laboratory identification protocols and hospital control of infection in maternity units is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/36. urinary tract infections in urology: a urologist's view of chronic bacteriuria.urine culture performed during and after antimicrobial therapy will differentiate unresolved urinary tract infections from recurrent infections. Recurrent infections with the same organism and at close intervals are frequently caused by a focus of bacterial persistence within the urinary tract, and infections with different organisms and/or at longer intervals are characteristic of reinfections with bacteria from outside the urinary tract. Unresolved infections are usually due to resistant bacteria and are treated by modification of therapy based on antimicrobial sensitivity testing. When unresolved bacteriuria is caused by organisms sensitive to the initial antimicrobial therapy, azotemia or a large bacterial mass density should be suspected. Recurrent infections at close intervals and/or with the same organism are usually caused by a bacterial focus in an acquired or congenital abnormality of the urinary tract such as infection stones, which must be removed to cure the recurrent infections. If the bacterial focus within the urinary tract cannot be removed, long-term low-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis can prevent the morbidity of recurrent infections. Reinfection requires careful bacteriologic monitoring and low-dose prophylactic, intermittent, or post-intercourse antimicrobial therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/36. Pediatric urinary tract infection. Diagnosis, classification, and significance.The initial task is to establish the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection. The clinical setting, method of specimen collection, bacterial colony count, and species are all important considerations. Next, the infection is classified as complicated or uncomplicated. Complicated infections require hospitalization and parenteral antibiotic therapy. Appropriate imaging studies are imperative to determine whether urologic intervention is necessary. All children with well-documented urinary tract infections deserve diagnostic evaluation, regardless of sex or presence of systemic symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/36. Acute glomerulonephritis with bacteriuria: a probable etiologic relationship.Twenty-one cases of acute glomerulonephritis in children with no previous history of renal disease were studied. Urinary infection with a rising titre of serum agglutinins against the organisms isolated from urine was found in 5 cases. No evidence of previous streptococcal infection was found in these cases. In the meantime all 8 cases with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis remained without bacteriuria. In one case acute glomerulonephritis followed virus hepatitis, and in the remaining 7 cases the cause of glomerulonephritis was unknown. It is suggested that in predisposed patients the bacteria present in urinary infections might act as antigens starting immunologic reactions in the glomeruli, leading to glomerulonephritis. The final proof of this theory awaits immunofluorescence identification of these antigens in the glomeruli.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/36. Acute and recurrent urinary tract infections in children.Urinary tract infection is a common problem in children. Significant renal damage can result from the first episode of urinary tract infection. early diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation can significantly reduce the potential for renal injury. All children with a potential urinary tract infection should have a reliable urine specimen sent for culture, and if infection is documented, a radiographic evaluation of their urinary system is required.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1666666666667keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/36. Rapidly recurrent renal calculi caused by ureaplasma urealyticum: a case report.We report on a patient operated upon 8 times for recurrent bilateral struvite stones. Multiple conventional bacterial cultures had been negative. No etiological agent for the rapidly recurring concrements could be detected until ureaplasma urealyticum cultures were performed at the time of the seventh operation. ureaplasma urealyticum was found in the bladder and renal pelvic urine, and in the stones. That operation was followed by appropriate antibiotic treatment (doxycycline), which eradicated the microorganism and no stones recurred for 6 months. The urinary pH, which constantly had been highly alkaline before treatment, was normal as was the ammonium loading test. However, 1 year after the seventh operation the Ureaplasma infection recurred, probably due to sexual transmittance, and a new renal stone was discovered. These findings strongly suggest that ureaplasma urealyticum can induce the formation of infection concrements.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/36. Electron microscopic study of an infected Foley catheter.A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study was made of material from the surface of a Foley catheter removed from an 87-year-old woman with antibiotic-resistant bacteriuria. A thick, adherent bacterial biofilm was found. The sessile adherent bacteria were surrounded by an extensive exopolysaccharide glycocalyx that appears to be fundamental in the pathogenesis of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and their resistance to systemic antibiotic therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/36. Bacterial variants in urinary casts and renal epithelial cells.Casts with numerous and unusually large granules were seen in the urine of a child with renal Fanconi's syndrome. When the urine sediment was sealed under a coverslip for several days, many granules changed to filamentous bacterial variants that segmented and, finally, appeared as streptococcal-like forms. When the patient's blood was cultured by a special method, bacterial variants grew consistently, and frequently reverted to parent coccal forms, although conventional cultures were negative. Variants from blood cultures had the same morphology and staining properties as granules in casts and in cystic structures found within hypertrophied renal pelvic epithelial cells. Cryptic parasitization with bacterial variants probably occurs in many nephropathies. Variants are known to produce toxins and immunogens, which could lead to mesangial and basement membrane deposits as well as to occlusive reactions in the renal microcirculation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/36. Dural sinus thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.Dural sinus thrombosis developed in a young man with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). His neurological disorder developed in the face of anemia and a urinary tract infection. Progressive neurological deterioration occurred in spite of anticoagulation, antibiotic and steroid therapy. The propensity to develop cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis in PNH may be due to release of thromboplastin material from hemolyzed red blood cells, the interaction of complement with red blood cells and platelets, or from increased sensitivity to platelet aggregation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/36. Low urinary counts of P-fimbriated escherichia coli in presumed acute pyelonephritis.We report 6 children who showed clinical symptoms and laboratory signs of acute pyelonephritis but in whom bacteriuria was insignificant, with escherichia coli 10(4)/ml, or less. None of the children had symptoms of other disease. Three of the children who were at first treated inadequately or were not treated with antibiotics developed significant bacteriuria later on (10(5)/ml, or greater). Ultrasonic scanning to evaluate kidney involvement at the acute phase of disease showed transient changes in four of the 6 children--dilatation of one or both pelves or increased ecogenicity of the renal sinus, or both. The urinary E coli strains isolated from all 6 children were P-fimbriated, as determined by a P-fimbriae specific particle agglutination test (PPA test). P-fimbriate E coli are known to be strongly associated with acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis in children and we suggest that the finding of any number of P-fimbriated E coli in the urine of children with clinical evidence of acute pyelonephritis supports this clinical diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = urinary (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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