1/23. Argentine Jewish community institution bomb explosion.BACKGROUND: Descriptive study of physical injuries and implemented organization from a nearby, unwarned university hospital after the July 18, 1994, bombing of the seven-story Argentine Israeli Mutual association (AMIA) building in Buenos Aires. Data were obtained from hospital medical records. RESULTS: A total of 86 victims arrived at the emergency department, 2 victims were dead on arrival, 41 victims were admitted, and 43 victims with minor injuries were assisted and allowed to go home. The explosion caused a total of 86 deaths and left more than 200 people injured. mortality rate among hospitalized survivors was 8.3% and among critically injured victims was 28.6%. CONCLUSION: The total collapse of a multiple-story building immediately kills most of its occupants. In the present study, the few surviving victims were located at the lower floors. The majority of hospitalized victims were outside the building at the moment of the blast. Rapid overcrowding of the emergency department with minor and moderate injuries that do not require hospitalization should be anticipated by disaster management plans. Centralization of severely injured patients in critical areas seems appropriate, because this method keeps major cases from spreading through different wards.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bomb (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/23. eye injuries in a terrorist bombing: Dhahran, saudi arabia, June 25, 1996.OBJECTIVE: We report the experience of our institution in the evaluation and care of multiple simultaneous ocular trauma patients after a terrorist bomb attack on a united states military base in saudi arabia. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative small case series. PARTICIPANTS: Three patients who received severe ocular injuries after a terrorist bombing. INTERVENTION: All patients underwent surgical repair of the injuries that were inflicted as a result of the terrorist bombing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline ocular characteristics, intraoperative findings, surgical procedures, and final (3 years after injury) anatomic and visual outcomes were noted. RESULTS: glass fragments caused by the blast were the mechanism of all the ocular injuries in these patients. All patients had primary repair of the injuries done in saudi arabia and were sent to our institution for tertiary care. Three of the four eyes injured had stable or improved visual acuity and one eye was enucleated. Two patients had no serious injury other than the globe trauma. One patient had extensive eyelid trauma and required serial procedures to allow fitting of a prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Blast-injury patients are at risk for open globe injury as a result of glass fragments. The types of injury that can occur from terrorist blasts can be extensive and involve all the tissues of the eye, the ocular adnexa, and the orbit.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4keywords = bomb (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/23. death caused by a letter bomb.A 48-year-old man was killed by the explosion of a letter bomb after receiving severe injuries to his face and left hand. The autopsy ascertained that the right eye and orbit had been completely destroyed by a large piece of metal from a tin can that had entered the cranial cavity through the right eye and caused fatal brain damage. The victim had also sustained a severe injury to his left hand. Reconstruction of the metal and plastic fragments showed that the victim had received a padded envelope with a video cassette in which a simple explosive device was hidden in a flat tin. The explosive charge consisted of a mixture (ca. 60 g) of sodium chlorate, sodium chloride and sucrose. The charge was detonated by a nylon cord attached to the inside of the envelope which was stretched when the video cassette was pulled out of the envelope. This removed a piece of plastic from between two contacts, and the explosion was set off immediately by a battery which activated two flash bulbs placed within the charge.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bomb (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/23. blast injuries: a case report.In the past, blast injuries were associated strictly with war and catastrophic industrial accidents. Unfortunately, these injuries are on the front lines of each ED and EMS system in the form of pipe bombs and terrorist plots. Domestically and internationally, the incidence of blast injuries is sporadic and infrequent. The injuries often are the result of fireworks--10,000-12,000 ED visits annually for this reason.(1)- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = bomb (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/23. homicide by improvised explosive device made out of firecrackers.Explosion is a phenomenon resulting from a sudden release of energy dissipated by: (1) blast wave; (2) translocation of objects; and (3) generation of heat. There are different types of explosive devices varying from sophisticated military bombs to simple firecrackers. These are made from various kinds of explosive materials. Sophisticated bombs are used in war and military operations to kill one's enemies, while simple firecrackers are meant for expressing joy and celebration. Here, the author reports an unusual case of homicide by the manufacture of an improvised explosive device from simple firecrackers. In india, these firecrackers are widely and freely available all over the country. The case highlights the fatal hazard resulting from easy access to these potentially dangerous devices, apart from the environmental pollution produced by their large scale use at the time of festivals in this country.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = bomb (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/23. Unusual primary and secondary facial blast injuries.PURPOSE: To discuss unusual facial injuries resulting from a bomb blast. MATERIALS AND methods: In March 1997, a bomb consisting of a bag of nails was detonated in a coffee shop in Tel Aviv. Two of the wounded were brought to our level 1 Trauma Center with unique facial injuries. Computed tomography (CT) scan and CT angiogram were performed. RESULTS: The blast occurred to the immediate right of the victims who were sitting in an open cafe. Both had tympanic perforation. The first patient showed indirect damage to the facial nerve from a piece of shrapnel located anterior to the carotid artery and medial to the right mandibular angle. The second had a piece of shrapnel lodged in the parapharyngeal space that was initially missed and discovered only on reexamination 3 days later after the patient complained of pain in the temporomandibular joint; there was no facial nerve deficit. The port of entry was probably a small wound in the anterior wall of the external ear canal. CONCLUSIONS: The wounds are probably attributable to the spalling effect of the shrapnel passing through the parotid gland, which has mixed-density tissue. These cases show that nerves are susceptible to damage even in the absence of direct engagement and that the emergency room physician should be alert to even small skin imperfections in blast victims to avoid missing penetrating wounds.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = bomb (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/23. Pathologic features of suicidal deaths caused by explosives.Suicidal explosions that lack a terrorist background are only rarely encountered in the field of forensic pathology. The investigation of explosion-related fatalities can be a substantial challenge in medicolegal casework. Determining whether the manner of death is suicide, homicide, or accident in such cases can present an especially difficult task to the forensic pathologist. This study considers the pathologic features of suicidal deaths caused by explosives without a terrorist background. The modus operandi of the decedents reflected familiarity and proficiency, or at least a degree of specialized knowledge, with the construction and use of explosive devices. All explosions were set off in confined spaces. The injury patterns consisted of a combination of primary blast injuries (e.g. decapitation, traumatic amputation of limbs, gross lacerations of the body surface, blast injuries of gas-containing and hollow organs), secondary blast injuries (e.g. splinter-induced penetrating trauma), tertiary blast injuries (e.g. abrasions and contusions), and burn injuries (mostly of the flash type). The previously described symmetric distribution pattern of injuries in suicidal explosions was apparent only to a certain degree in the present series. Our observation of superficially sharp-edged wound margins with bridging in the depths of the lesion in blast-induced lacerations of the skin should deserve further attention in forthcoming cases of explosion-related fatalities because this finding is a diagnostic possibility that may support the theory of an explosion-related fatality under special circumstances, e.g. when the body has been dumped away from the place of death. Because a terrorist attack may be initially suspected in each case of suicide involving explosives, the importance of a joint inquiry based on expertise from police investigators, bomb experts, and forensic pathologists is evident.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = bomb (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/23. Homemade chemical bomb events and resulting injuries--selected states, January 1996-March 2003.Homemade chemical bombs (HCBs), also known as acid bombs, bottle bombs, and MacGyver bombs, are explosive devices that can be made easily from volatile household chemicals (e.g., toilet bowl, drain, and driveway cleaners) purchased at a local hardware or grocery store. When these and other ingredients are combined and shaken in a capped container, the internal gas pressure generated from the chemical reaction causes the container to expand and explode. The subsequent explosion can cause injuries or death to persons in the immediate vicinity of the detonation. Since 1996, some of the states participating in the Agency for Toxic Substances and disease Registry (ATSDR)'s hazardous substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system have been documenting HCB events. This report describes examples of HCB events, summarizes all reported HCB events, discusses associated injuries, and suggests injury-prevention methods.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = bomb (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/23. Blast injury caused by a booby-trapped cellular phone.Terrorists are recently using cellular phones to remotely detonate bombs. A patient was injured while assembling a bomb connected to a cellular phone. The patient sustained combined injury to the head and to the dominant hand which held the phone. amputation of the hand was required, the facial injuries were reconstructed. The characteristics of this unusual type of injury are described and compared to injuries caused by other bombs and explosive devices.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.6keywords = bomb (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/23. rehabilitation after a letter-bomb attack causing bilateral hand loss and other injuries: case report.The rehabilitation of patients after terrorist attacks has received scant attention in the literature. A case is reported of a patient injured in a letter-bomb explosion; his injuries were bilateral hand loss, loss of one eye, and perforated ear-drums. The successful rehabilitation of this patient to normal work in 8 months is described. A rehabilitation plan for management of similar patients is given.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bomb (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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