1/1273. Musical hallucinations and palinacousis.So far, little attention has been paid to the similarities between musical hallucinations and palinacousis. Since the authors found a 75-year-old woman suffering from both symptoms, the similarities were investigated. As a result, musical hallucinations have all the four components of palinacousis structurally, although there are some differences in content. Thus, there exist substantial similarities. Moreover, both symptoms are often associated with seizure activity and there have been several case reports where anticonvulsants were successfully used to treat both symptoms. These findings indicate the possibility that there may exist a common pathway generating musical hallucinations and palinacousis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/1273. Encephalopathy associated with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following rotavirus infection.A 2-year-old Japanese boy with a haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) associated encephalopathy which developed after rotavirus infection is described. The neurological symptoms consisted of coma, seizures and spastic quadriplegia. On therapy with steroids, etoposide and cyclosporin A, the patient recovered without any neurological deficits. The interferon-gamma levels in serum and CSF were elevated at onset of the disease but had returned to normal at the time of clinical remission. Brain MRI revealed diffuse white matter abnormalities and parenchymal volume loss. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed elevated lactate in the abnormal lesions observed on MRI, indicating that macrophages not exhibiting aerobic metabolism had infiltrated the CNS. At the time of clinical remission, the white matter abnormalities and brain lactate had disappeared. These findings suggested that the neurological symptoms resulted from the overproduction of cytokines by activated T-cells and macrophages. The pathophysiology of a HLH associated encephalopathy was considered to be a local immune response within the CNS, because interferon-gamma can induce the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens on glial cells in the CNS. CONCLUSION: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated encephalopathy should be considered early in the differential diagnosis of cases with acute onset neuropathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/1273. Intracranial Castleman's disease of solitary form. Case report.This 62-year-old woman presented with clumsiness in her right hand. magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a small lesion mimicking a meningioma, which had arisen from the tentorium and contained notable edema. Full recovery was achieved by total removal of the lesion, which was diagnosed as a lymphoid mass resembling giant lymph node hyperplasia on histological examination. The lack of notable findings on whole-body and laboratory studies was compatible with a rare case of intracranial Castleman's disease of solitary form. The authors document clinical, neuroradiological, and pathological features of this rare disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/1273. Chronic steadily progressive central and peripheral predominantly motor demyelination, involving the cranial nerves, responsive to immunoglobulins.The association of central and peripheral demyelination was reported previously. Most of the cases refer to central chronic relapsing demyelination with clinical criteria for multiple sclerosis associated with later signs of peripheral nerve involvement. Other authors, described central lesions in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and in guillain-barre syndrome, as a seldom occurrence. We report a patient in which a chronic steadily progressive central and peripheral predominantly motor nervous system demyelination, involving the cranial nerves, was identified. The patient improved after intravenous immunoglobulin suggesting an immune-mediated mechanism. To our knowledge this presentation was not described before.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1029.8451096488keywords = multiple sclerosis, sclerosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/1273. Progressive ponto-bulbar palsy with deafness. A clinico-pathological study.Progressive ponto-bulbar palsy with deafness is a rare disease. It seems to be an abiotrophic process with autosomal recessive inheritance in most instances. Only one autopsy case had been briefly described (Lelong et al., 1941). The clinical features and the pathological findings of a new case are reported. The structures primarily involved are the grey matter of the brain stem and the spinal cord, including to some extent the optic tracts and most of the fiber tracts in the brain stem with exception of the pyramidal tracts.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/1273. Multifocal fibrosclerosis presenting as Grave's orbitopathy. Bilateral exophthalmos associated with retroperitoneal and sellar fibrosis.BACKGROUND: Multifocal fibrosclerosis (MF) is a rare disease that may be misdiagnosed as Graves' orbitopathy. The combination of localisations of MF presented here has not been reported before. CASE REPORT: A 44-year-old man was referred with progressive bilateral exophthalmos. CT of his chest and abdomen revealed an intrathoracic and retroperitoneal peri-aortal soft-tissue process with hydronephrosis. Histological examination of orbital masses showed a fibrous process with low inflammatory activity. Later the sella was found to be involved as well. A diagnosis of MF was made. CONCLUSION: MF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bilateral exophthalmos.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 773.60840094405keywords = sclerosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/1273. Abrupt exacerbation of acute subdural hematoma mimicking benign acute epidural hematoma on computed tomography--case report.A 75-year-old male was hit by a car, when riding a bicycle. The diagnosis of acute epidural hematoma was made based on computed tomography (CT) findings of lentiform hematoma in the left temporal region. On admission he had only moderate occipitalgia and amnesia of the accident, so conservative therapy was administered. Thirty-three hours later, he suddenly developed severe headache, vomiting, and anisocoria just after a positional change. CT revealed typical acute subdural hematoma (ASDH), which was confirmed by emergent decompressive craniectomy. He was vegetative postoperatively and died of pneumonia one month later. Emergent surgical exploration is recommended for this type of ASDH even if the symptoms are mild due to aged atrophic brain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/1273. Neuroinvasion by human herpesvirus type 7 in a case of exanthem subitum with severe neurologic manifestations.A 19-month-old girl presented with severe neurologic symptoms associated with exanthem subitum. Human herpesvirus type 7 (HHV-7) dna was detected in the CSF and serum, and supported by serologic studies. The patient was diagnosed with encephalopathy due to an acute HHV-7 infection. Neuron-specific enolase in the CSF was strongly elevated during the acute stage of infection, suggesting that the encephalopathy was due to viral invasion of the brain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/1273. Growing skull fracture of the orbital roof. Case report.Growing skull fractures are rare complications of head trauma and very rarely arise in the skull base. The clinical and radiological finding and treatment of a growing fracture of the orbital roof in a 5-year-old boy are reported, and the relevant literature is reviewed. The clinical picture was eyelid swelling. Computed tomography (CT) scan was excellent for demonstrating the bony defect in the orbital roof. Frontobasal brain injury seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the fracture growth. Growing skull fracture of the orbital roof should be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of persistent ocular symptoms. craniotomy with excision of gliotic brain and granulation tissue, dural repair and cranioplasty is the treatment of choice.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/1273. Acute coagulopathy following infusion of prothrombin complex concentrate.An acute coagulopathy developed in a 49 year old woman with severe liver disease after she received an infusion of prothrombin complex concentrate. The concentrate used in the infusion was subsequently studied by observing the effect of the concentrate on the partial thromboplastin times of various plasmas. The evidence suggests that activated coagulation factors, including activated factor X, were present in the concentrate, and probably played a role in initiating the acute change in the patient's coagulation status. Mechanisms whereby liver disease predisposes toward the development of such a coagulopathy are discussed. It would appear that prothrombin complex concentrates should be used in patients with liver disease only with utmost caution.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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