11/103. CT-revealed choroidal effusions as a sign of carotid cavernous fistula.Choroidal effusions may appear as subtle abnormalities on CT scans. Recognition of choroidal effusions, however, is critical because they may be an early sign of ocular pathologic abnormality. After detection, the various causes of choroidal effusions, such as carotid cavernous fistulas, ocular hypotony, tumors, and inflammatory conditions, should be considered.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = fistula (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/103. Monitoring the successful embolization of an arterio-venous fistula by a fibreoptic jugular vein catheter.The management of surgical embolization of a post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula is reported in this study. The procedure was successfully performed with the aid of a fibreoptic intravascular catheter, which was monitoring continuously the changes of the jugular venous oxygen saturation. Jugular venous oxygen saturation monitoring effectively confirmed the success of embolization without the need for intraoperative angiography, by manifesting an abrupt return of oxygen saturation from arterial to normal venous values immediately after embolization.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = fistula (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/103. Bilateral traumatic caroticocavernous fistulae: total resolution following unilateral occlusion.balloon occlusion is the accepted treatment for direct posttraumatic caroticocavernous fistula. We present a case of bilateral traumatic fistulae associated with a pseudoaneurysm. Resolution of both fistulae occurred following treatment of one of them by balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery. This case highlights the importance of considering a more conservative approach to bilateral fistulae or those associated with a pseudoaneurysm. We review other treatment options.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = fistula (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/103. Painful fourth cranial nerve palsy caused by posteriorly-draining dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistula.A 65-year-old man with a dural carotid-cavernous fistula (DCCF) presented with sudden onset of painful trochlear nerve paresis. Typical signs of DCCF including conjunctival arterialization, chemosis, and proptosis did not become manifest until 4 months later. This unusual presentation of DCCF was caused by drainage of the fistula posteriorly into the inferior petrosal sinus with low flow. With this condition, patients may present with trochlear nerve palsy without a red eye. Although rare, DCCF must be considered in patients presenting with isolated painful trochlear palsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = fistula (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/103. Ophthalmologic outcome of transvenous embolization of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas: a preliminary report.We give a preliminary report of the ophthalmologic outcome of four patients with transvenous embolization studied for their spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas. One of them is a direct type while three of them are indirect dural shunts. In indirect dural shunts, traditional transarterial embolization rarely achieves a complete clinical cure in a short period of time. All cases had an ophthalmologic disturbance justified for endovascular intervention. We performed catheterization, and subsequently embolization with Guglielmi Detachable coils, to the cavernous sinus via the femoral vein and inferior petrosal sinus/superior ophthalmic vein. All four patients achieved clinical and angiographic improvement with a follow-up period range from two to sixteen months except for one patient who had residual bilateral sixth nerve palsy. The transvenous approach offers an effective and safe alternative for the management of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = fistula (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/103. Treatment of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula in ehlers-danlos syndrome by transvenous occlusion with Guglielmi detachable coils. Case report and review of the literature.The authors report on a young woman with ehlers-danlos syndrome (EDS) Type IV in whom a spontaneous direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) was treated by transvenous occlusion with regular and fiber-coated Guglielmi detachable coils. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time this approach has been used in a patient with EDS. The different treatment options are discussed, and the literature on endovascular treatment of direct CCFs in EDS is reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = fistula (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/103. A bruital headache and double vision.A 44-year-old woman presented with a painful abducens nerve palsy in the left eye. Examination revealed a white, quiet eye and an orbital bruit without proptosis. magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal ipsilateral dural-based enhancement. angiography confirmed a posterior draining carotid-cavernous fistula. Symptoms resolved spontaneously in approximately 8 months. The classification and treatment options for carotid-cavernous fistula are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = fistula (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/103. Indirect carotid cavernous fistula presenting as pulsatile tinnitus.This paper reports a case of spontaneous indirect carotid cavernous fistula that presented with pulsatile tinnitus, left-sided temporal headache and left-sided ptosis. The pulsatile tinnitus, its aetiology and investigation are discussed. The importance of pulsatile tinnitus is highlighted, with a discussion of carotid-cavernous fistulas. This case illustrates that clinically silent cavernous sinus thrombosis can give rise to spontaneous indirect carotid cavernous fistula. magnetic resonance imaging angiography was used in diagnosis. Treatment ranges from observation, as in our case, to transvenous endovascular techniques.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4keywords = fistula (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/103. Carotid cavernous fistula associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery.A patient with diplopia had a carotid cavernous fistula associated with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery that was seen with angiography. balloon occlusion of the carotid cavernous fistula resulted in flow stasis of the persistent primitive trigeminal artery and resolution of the symptoms. Persistent primitive trigeminal artery may be associated with a carotid cavernous fistula.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4keywords = fistula (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/103. Carotid-cavernous fistula with brainstem congestion mimicking tumor on MRI.Article abstract-A 65-year-old woman presented with a left abduction deficit and "red eye," mild proptosis, chemosis, arterialization of the conjunctival vessels, intention tremor, and bilateral pyramidal signs. MRI showed significant left-sided brainstem involvement that mimicked a tumor. Right hemiplegia ensued 1 week later. Venous congestion of the brainstem with hemiplegia resulting from shunting of blood flow from both carotid arteries is an extremely rare complication of carotid-cavernous fistula.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = fistula (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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