11/41. Malignant catatonia with severe bronchorrhea and its response to electroconvulsive therapy.A 21-year-old female presented excitement, auditory hallucination, monologue, and insomnia. After 1 week of risperidone administration, she showed hyperthermia, salivation, and muscle rigidity. risperidone was discontinued, but stupor, convulsions, and respiratory distress developed. In the intensive care unit where she was transferred, catatonic symptoms such as stupor or excitement, catalepsy, and negativism were prominent. In addition, severe bronchorrhea causing respiratory failure was observed. Her catatonic symptoms, hyperthermia, and bronchorrhea resolved by ECT. After recovery, affective flattening, alogia, and avolition remained. The final diagnosis was MC associated with schizophrenia. This report suggests that MC may be complicated by severe bronchorrhea, but this condition responds to ECT.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = affective (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/41. A16-year-old girl with excited catatonia treated with low-dose oral lorazepam.A 16-year-old girl, who carried a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder, presented with symptoms consistent with excited catatonia/delirious mania. We believe this is the first report of excited catatonia in a child under the age of 18. Her catatonic symptoms responded to low-dose oral lorazepam (higher doses led to worsening of her clinical status). This case highlights the importance of considering catatonia in the differential diagnosis of agitated delirium, even in pediatric populations, and it underscores the need for more data about the pathogenesis and treatment of catatonia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = affective (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/41. catatonia in autistic spectrum disorders: a medical treatment algorithm.Autism is a developmental syndrome with an unknown biology and inadequate therapeutics. Assessing the elements of the syndrome for the presence of depression, psychosis, mania, or catatonia, offers opportunities for systematic intervention. Since almost all descriptions of autism highlight the presence of motor symptoms that characterize catatonia, an assessment for this eminently treatable syndrome is recommended for all patients considered to be autistic. A minimum examination includes a catatonia rating scale and for those patients with defined catatonia, a lorazepam test. For those whose catatonia responds to lorazepam, high dose lorazepam therapy is recommended. If this fails, electroconvulsive therapy is recommended. The assessment and treatment of catatonia offers positive medical therapy for the victims of autism and their families.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 21.777847011208keywords = psychosis, depression (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/41. Catatonic stupor superimposed on hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration resolved with electroconvulsive therapy.We report a 58-year-old woman with catatonic stupor superimposed on hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) and psychotic depression. The catatonia and psychotic depression resolved with 11 sessions of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Early recognition of catatonia during the course of SCD is important for timely administration of ECT.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.44430277244632keywords = depression (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/41. catatonia in autistic disorder: a sign of comorbidity or variable expression?catatonia, once solely attributed to schizophrenia, is now thought to be associated with many disorders. autistic disorder shares some symptoms with catatonia, namely, mutism, echopraxia/echolalia, and sterotypes. catatonia in autism may therefore be a variant of the autistic condition. However, organic deficits and psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, have also been deficits and psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder, have also been linked with the manifestation of catatonia. Individuals with autism presenting with these comorbid conditions may therefore be at increased risk for catatonia. Little is written of the association of autism and catatonia to clarify the possibility of catatonia as a variant or a sign of a comorbid condition. The authors discuss three autistic patients and suggest specific etiologies for the symptoms of catatonia which presented in these cases. The therapeutic and diagnostic importance of comorbid disorders in autism is stressed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7.4163037825118keywords = bipolar disorder (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/41. Problems in diagnosing bipolar disorder in catatonic patients.A bipolar patient presenting with catatonia may be misdiagnosed as having noncatatonic schizophrenia or unipolar depression because these conditions share the same signs. Of 12 patients with episodes of catatonia who were admitted to the authors' inpatient units, 8 were initially diagnosed as schizophrenic. Within 2 years, 8 of the 12 were ultimately diagnosed as suffering from bipolar affective disorder. catatonia--a syndrome, not a diagnosis--seems more closely linked with bipolar disorder than with schizophrenia or unipolar depression.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 19.985062228726keywords = bipolar disorder, affective, depression (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/41. Mental handicap, psychosis and thyrotoxicosis: a demonstration of the usefulness of an integrated community and hospital service.A case is described of a moderately mentally handicapped woman referred to the local community mental handicap team with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder--manic phase. There was a possible association between her manic state and hyperthyroidism. Assessment and management were complicated by the development of neuroleptic-induced catatonia. The desirability of access to a local general psychiatric unit is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 88.488839307666keywords = psychosis, affective, manic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/41. lorazepam treatment of psychogenic catatonia: an update.Six papers have reported the efficacy of lorazepam in alleviating catatonic symptoms that have psychogenic causes. The authors report five new cases of catatonia; three patients responded favorably and two failed to respond to lorazepam. Investigation of the nonresponders revealed the presence of pernicious anemia in one and postpartum psychosis in the other. These findings demonstrate that lorazepam has an important role in the treatment of catatonic symptoms. Its effects appear to be specific for psychogenic catatonic states and for conditions in which biogenic amines, specifically dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid, play a part. The authors stress intramuscular administration of lorazepam for patients in catatonic states because this route provides the psychiatrist with immediate results that assist with early diagnosis and treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 21.555695624985keywords = psychosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/41. carbamazepine in the treatment of catatonia.carbamazepine resolved within 6-24 hours the catatonic stupor in two patients, one with a schizophreniform and one with a schizoaffective disorder. Reports of frequent EEG abnormalities and the successful use of diazepam in catatonia prompted these trials with another anticonvulsant.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = affective (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/41. encephalitis lethargica, a contemporary cause of catatonic stupor. A report of two cases.Two cases of catatonic stupor are described due to presumed encephalitis lethargica. Catatonic and obsessional phenomena in the setting of a depressive psychosis associated with a movement disorder may constitute a post-encephalitic syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 21.555695624985keywords = psychosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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