1/7. magnetic resonance imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography changes in hypoglycemia-induced chorea.We present two case studies, one of generalized chorea and one of hemichorea, both after severe hypoglycemia episodes. Both cases showed hyperperfusion in their SPECT scans. The MRI and SPECT findings serve as clues regarding the role of basal ganglion dysfunction associated with chorea.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/7. hyperglycemia-induced unilateral basal ganglion lesions with and without hemichorea. A PET study.hyperglycemia-induced unilateral basal ganglion lesions occur mostly in Asian patients. A signal abnormality in the basal ganglion region is evident on these patients' neuroimaging. Despite characteristic imaging findings and clinical manifestations, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. To clarify the underlying pathophysiology of unilateral basal ganglion lesions, we examined the [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) findings in 3 patients with hyperglycemia. The PET studies were performed at 3 weeks, 5 weeks, and 7 months after clinical onset. The markedly reduced rates of cerebral glucose metabolism in the corresponding lesions on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images provided direct evidence of regional metabolic failure. We suggest that the metabolic derangements associated with hyperglycemia and vascular insufficiency contribute to regional metabolic failure in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/7. movement disorders associated with chronic GM2 gangliosidosis. Case report and review of the literature.A 24-year-old man presented with dystonia, dementia, amyotrophy, choreoathetosis, and ataxia. Partial hexosaminidase a deficiency was documented in serum and leukocytes and confirmed by rectal biopsy with ganglion cells containing membranous cytoplasmic bodies. A brief review of the literature reveals that tremor, dystonia and choreoathetosis are common but neglected symptoms associated with chronic GM2 gangliosidosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/7. chorea caused by caudate infarction.An ischemic infarct in the caudate nucleus was associated with a contralateral chorea in a 47-year-old, hypertensive, diabetic man. To my knowledge, this is only the second report of isolated caudate infarction associated with chorea. Computed tomography demonstrated the basal ganglion lesion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/7. Pseudochoreoathetosis. Movements associated with loss of proprioception.OBJECTIVE: To describe seven patients with proprioceptive sensory loss and choreoathetoid movements. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Outpatient and inpatient university referral. patients: patients with sensory loss and abnormal movements. INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: None. RESULTS: One patient had a parietal cortex injury, one had a thalamic infarction, two had spinal cord lesions, two had dorsal root ganglion neuronopathies, and one had an ulnar neuropathy. In each case, the duration of abnormal movements correlated with the duration of proprioceptive sensory loss, and the abnormal movements were restricted to body parts with proprioceptive sensory loss. The movements varied from chorea and athetosis to dystonia. CONCLUSIONS: These cases suggest that proprioceptive sensory loss can lead to a movement disorder, termed pseudochoreoathetosis, which occurs following the appearance of lesions anywhere along proprioceptive sensory pathways, from peripheral nerves to the cerebral cortex. It is hypothesized that pseudochoreoathetosis occurs because of the failure to process limb proprioceptive information in the striatum. Therefore, both choreoathetosis and pseudochoreoathetosis may be manifestations of the failure of the striatum to properly integrate cortical motor and sensory inputs.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/7. Hemiballism-hemichorea and non-ketotic hyperglycaemia.Three patients with hemiballism-hemichorea caused by non-ketotic hyperglycaemia are presented, two of whom had hyperosmolar non-ketotic hyperglycaemic syndrome. In two of the three patients, the hyperkinesia was the initial presenting symptom of their diabetes mellitus. The hypersensitivity of the postmenopausal dopamine receptor, decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain in non-ketotic hyperglycaemia, coexisting lacunar infarct in the basal ganglion, and pre-existing metabolic dysfunction in the basal ganglion may all have played a part in the pathogenesis of this movement disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/7. Cardioembolic caudate infarction as a cause of hemichorea in lupus anticoagulant syndrome.An association exists between antiphospholipid antibodies and chorea. As these antibodies are associated with thrombosis, it has been suggested that cerebral infarction might cause chorea. However, CT and MRI typically do not demonstrate focal basal ganglionic lesions in such patients and an autoimmune mechanism for chorea has also been proposed. We report a young woman with left hemichorea and dyspnea. She was found to have lupus anticoagulant, large aortic and tricuspid vegetations, and pulmonary emboli. CT and MRI showed a small lesion in the head of the right caudate. In the presence of a definite cardiac source for emboli (valvular vegetations) with embolic activity (pulmonary emboli), it is likely that this patient's hemichorea was caused by cardioembolic caudate infarction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |