1/11. Rapid contamination of the environments with varicella-zoster virus dna from a patient with herpes zoster.patients with zoster are considered to be less contagious than varicella patients because their infection is localised. It is not known, however, when and for how long a spread of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) from a zoster patient begins and continues and the extent of virus spread from the patient. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect VZV dna in samples obtained from the hands and throat of a patient with zoster and from her room environments including surfaces of the back of a chair, the door handle, the table and the air conditioner filter. VZV dna was detected on the surfaces of the back of the seat and the table and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum on Day 4 of the illness. VZV DNAemia persisted for 4 days until Day 7 of the illness. It was also detected in samples collected from throat and the air conditioner filter on Days 6 and 7 of the illness respectively. All of the surfaces, that were examined in her home environment, were contaminated with VZV dna by Day 7 of the illness. The present study showed rapid and wide spread of VZV dna in the environment even from a patient with zoster.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/11. Use of genomic analysis of varicella-zoster virus to investigate suspected varicella-zoster transmission within a renal unit.BACKGROUND: The source of hospital-acquired chickenpox infection may be presumed from a known exposure, but has not been previously proven using genomic analysis. OBJECTIVE: Investigation of suspected VZV transmission was done using single nucleotide polymorphism genomic analysis. STUDY DESIGN: Comparison was made of viral isolates from two patients with chickenpox on the same ward who were not known to have had direct contact. RESULTS: An identical genotype in the variable R1 region of the VZV was isolated from the two patients. CONCLUSION: Inapparent hospital-acquired transmission was the most likely route of infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.3948672252309keywords = chickenpox, varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/11. Secondary transmission of varicella vaccine virus in a chronic care facility for children.A 16-year-old varicella-seronegative resident at a chronic care facility received varicella vaccine; 15 days later he developed severe varicella. Subsequently, a 13-year-old resident and a 39-year-old health care worker developed mild varicella. We demonstrate that vaccine-strain virus was transmitted to both persons, and that transmission included at least 2 variant vaccine strains.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3333333333333keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/11. Occupational and nosocomial transmission of varicella.We examined varicella transmission in a hospital specialized in cancer treatment. A cases series study was made of a case of intra-hospital transmission of varicella, based on a revision of the records of patients who had been admitted during the time the index case was in the same service. Records of interviews of employees were also reviewed. During the period that the index case was in the intensive care unit, 34 patients were admitted and 35 employees worked there. Two employees and a patient developed the illness, due to transmission directly or indirectly from the index case. Although this is a service in which most of the patients are adults who have cancer, attention needs to be directed towards diagnosis and to procedures to reduce the transmission of this illness, both to healthcare professionals, and to other patients. A standard schedule for varicella prevention already exists; however, this case reinforces the need for specific vaccination of at-risk professionals.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1666666666667keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/11. Concomitant disseminated varicella and generalized staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in a leukemic patient.We report a case of nosocomial fatal varicella infection in a 13-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. His underlying leukemia, immunosuppressive drugs, disseminated varicella, S. aureus colonization, and acute renal insufficiency were all contributing factors that were pathogenetically linked in the development of his generalized SSSS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/11. Reinfection with varicella-zoster virus in immunocompromised patients.A small epidemic of varicella/atypical generalized zoster among 6 immunocompromised patients and one previously healthy person is described. The 6 immunocompromised patients suffered from lymphoproliferative diseases in terminal stages treated with chemotherapy and reported varicella in their childhood. They developed a generalized maculopapular rash with hemorrhagic bullae and necroses. The infection passed from one patient to another during a 3-month period in the department. They were placed in adjacent rooms and nursed by the same staff. The most specific diagnostic tool was the detection of varicella-zoster virus antigen from vesicles by ELISA technique. The epidemic was supposed to be caused by exogenous reinfection with varicella-zoster virus, and illustrated that generalized zoster may be even so infectious as varicella and that immunocompromised patients should be protected against reinfection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/11. Varicella exposure in a neonatal intensive care unit: case report and control measures.Forty-six infants in a neonatal intensive care unit and 138 health care workers were exposed to a pediatric medical resident during the prodromal period and the early days of unrecognized varicella. An attempt was made to prevent an outbreak of additional cases by the institution of emergency control measures. These measures included rapid identification of varicella antibody status in exposed neonates, varicella antibody testing of health care workers with unknown or uncertain history of varicella, prompt administration of varicella zoster immune globulin to potentially susceptible persons, and cohorting neonates on the basis of exposure and antibody status. Passive maternal antibody was detected in 44 of the neonates. Of 27 health care workers who reported either a negative or an uncertain history of varicella, 26 had detectable antibody. No overt cases of varicella occurred in exposed patients or personnel.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1666666666667keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/11. Varicella infection in a children's hospital: prevention by vaccine and an episode of airborne transmission.Varicella vaccine was used safely and effectively for preventing ward infection with varicella. Ward infection was experienced 34 times in 5 years between 1977 and 1982. During these ward infections, varicella developed in 4 of 142 patients who received vaccine, 21 of 47 patients who did not receive vaccine and 1 of 9 who received transfusion with vaccine-boostered blood. Of the 142 vaccinated patients, the four in whom varicella developed showed symptoms 3 to 10 days after vaccination, indicating that vaccination had been too late. Details of a ward infection with varicella by airborne transmission and its prevention by vaccination are presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/11. Bullous chickenpox.We report a 70-year-old man with the bullous variant of chickenpox. physicians should be aware of this uncommon manifestation of this common disease, which may clinically suggest other bullous disorders such as pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. A 24-year-old hospital worker developed typical chickenpox 2 weeks after the first patient's onset of bullous chickenpox.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 14.215368621641keywords = chickenpox (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/11. chickenpox outbreak among the staff of a large, urban adult hospital: costs of monitoring and control.chickenpox is a highly infectious disease of childhood, but there are increasing reports of occurrence in adults. A recent community epidemic of chickenpox resulted in 20 documented cases of adult chickenpox in a large metropolitan hospital. Nine of these cases resulted from direct exposure to an index patient and four were in tertiary contacts of the three index patients associated with the nosocomial outbreak. A total of 165.6 person-days of work were lost (estimated $18,000 cost) as a result of this outbreak, and 70 infection control unit person-hours were required during the investigation and control. This article reports a nosocomial epidemic and reviews guidelines for identification and control of adult chickenpox in a large hospital complex.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.0923008378463keywords = chickenpox (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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