1/22. Detection of the cryptosporidium parvum "human" genotype in a dugong (dugong dugon).The Cryptosporidium "human" genotype was identified in a paraffin-embedded tissue section from a dugong (dugong dugon) by 2 independent laboratories. dna sequencing and polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 18S ribosomal rna gene and the acetyl CoA synthethase gene clearly identified the genotype as that of the Cryptosporidium variant that infects humans. This is the first report of the human Cryptosporidium genotype in a nonprimate host.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = host (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/22. Gastric cryptosporidiosis as a clue for the diagnosis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.cryptosporidium parvum has been detected with increasing frequency in the gastrointestinal tract, but involvement of the stomach is rarely reported. Whenever found in the histologic examination of the gastrointestinal mucosa, it should raise the suspicion of an immunocompromised host. We report a case of Cryptosporidium-associated erosive gastritis in a 64-year-old woman, who was found later to have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Gastroduodenoendoscopy and biopsy of the gastric mucosa played an invaluable role in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and to disclose the underlying immunodeficiency state.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 36.497752774195keywords = immunocompromised host, immunocompromised, host (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/22. Reversible sclerosing cholangitis secondary to cryptosporidiosis in a renal transplant patient.cryptosporidium parvum is a well-known cause of chronic diarrhea. In human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients as well as in other immunocompromised patients it has also been shown to cause sclerosing cholangitis. We report a case of reversible C. parvum-induced sclerosing cholangitis in a renal transplant patient. This 40-year-old female received a renal transplant 9 years prior to presentation. She had no history of liver disease and was doing well on tacrolimus, prednisone, and azathioprine. She developed diarrhea and was found to have C. parvum present in the stool. Shortly after, she developed clinical, biochemical, radiologic, and histologic features of SC. After accidental reduction in her immunesuppression secondary to starting her on rifampin to treat her itching, she cleared C. parvum from her stool and had a marked improvement in her diarrhea, jaundice, and general health. Her liver enzymes normalized and magnetic resonance cholangiography showed complete resolution of biliary abnormalities. To our knowledge, this is the first case of C. parvum-induced sclerosing cholangitis in a renal transplant patient and one of a few in non-hiv patients. It is also the first to document resolution of sclerosing cholangitis after eradication of C. parvum in a non-hiv patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 11.949004629793keywords = immunocompromised (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/22. Resolution of cryptosporidiosis with probiotic treatment.Cryptosporidium infection is usually self limited, but can be a life threatening illness in immunocompromised patients. probiotics have been used successfully in the treatment of acute diarrhoea and they have also been shown to limit cryptosporidium parvum infection in animal models. The first case of successful resolution of prolonged cryptosporidiosis with probiotic treatment is reported.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 11.949004629793keywords = immunocompromised (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/22. Cryptosporidium infection in renal transplant patients.cryptosporidium parvum, an intracellular protozoan parasite, is a significant cause of gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Transmission can occur from an infected person, animal or fecally contaminated environment. The clinical manifestations of cryptosporidiosis are dependent on the immunologic state of the host. infection among immunocompetent hosts results in diarrhea that is typically self-limited. In immunocompromised hosts, however, the infection may be protracted and life-threatening with no reliable antimicrobial therapy. In transplant patients, a course of antimicrobial therapy along with concurrent reduction in immunosuppression optimize immunologic status and may potentially lead to resolution of the infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 38.497752774195keywords = immunocompromised host, immunocompromised, host (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/22. cryptosporidiosis presenting as acute appendicitis: a case report.Although uncommon in the united states, cryptosporidiosis can be life-threatening in an immunosuppressed host. Rarely, an acute infection of this gastrointestinal illness can present as another disease entity. We present only the third reported case of cryptosporidial infection presenting as acute appendicitis in a 17-year-old hiv patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = host (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/22. A family outbreak of cryptosporidiosis: Probable nosocomial infection and person-to-person transmission.Cryptosporidium is an important cause of community gastroenteritis, usually associated with drinking contaminated water, visits to swimming pools or animal exposure. In immunocompetent patients, cryptosporidiosis is usually a self-limiting disease but it can be devastating illness in immunocompromised persons. This report presents a family outbreak of cryptosporidiosis and describes a probable nosocomial infection with Cryptosporidium in one patient and subsequent spread of the parasite among members of his family. The index patient, a 72-year-old man with hemiparesis after his third stroke, died after 28 days of persistent diarrhea. Control measures must be undertaken to prevent nosocomial transmission of cryptosporidial oocysts.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 11.949004629793keywords = immunocompromised (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/22. isospora belli infection. A report of two cases in patients with AIDS.OBJECTIVE: To present the findings of isospora belli infection in two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). CLINICAL FEATURES: One patient was part Aboriginal, the other an immigrant recently arrived from peru. Both men were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). They presented with watery diarrhoea, one with severe weight loss. isospora belli oocysts were detected in multiple faecal specimens from both patients. One patient had a concomitant infection with Cryptosporidium sp. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: There was a rapid response to treatment with cotrimoxazole (960 mg, four times a day for 10 days). A complete response was obtained in the patient with concurrent cryptosporidiosis. The diarrhoea recurred after cessation of treatment, necessitating maintenance therapy. CONCLUSION: Although isospora belli is an uncommon cause of gastroenteritis in australia, it is increasingly recognised as a cause of diarrhoea in travellers, immigrants from endemic areas and immunocompromised people. It has also been reported in the Aboriginal community; this article reports the first case of AIDS-related isosporiasis in an Aborigine. It is likely that both patients acquired isospora belli before they become hiv seropositive.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 11.949004629793keywords = immunocompromised (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/22. Cryptosporidium infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: not always a poor prognosis.Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption accompanied by simultaneous infection with the protozoa giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium occurred in a 22-year-old homosexual man with antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). Small bowel biopsy demonstrated total villous atrophy and marked mononuclear infiltration in the lamina propria simulating celiac disease. Treatment with metronidazole resulted in resolution of diarrhea, clearance of parasites, and marked improvement in small bowel histology. Although diarrhea and malabsorption in immunocompromised patients with cryptosporidiosis are regarded as ominous, our patient remained disease free for the next 3 years. Thus, infection with Cryptosporidium in patients with hiv does not always lead to intractable diarrhea or death.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 11.949004629793keywords = immunocompromised (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/22. Long-standing symptomatic cryptosporidiosis in a normal man: clinical response to spiramycin.A healthy immunocompetent 26-year-old man developed prolonged symptomatic cryptosporidiosis. He only achieved clinical improvement after treatment with spiramycin. Other family members suffered from chronic undiagnosed diarrhea, and resolution occurred only after a trial of spiramycin. Thus, Cryptosporidium had provoked a prolonged symptomatic infection in a normal host; spiramycin therapy was required for parasite eradication and clinical cure, and a therapeutic trial with spiramycin was beneficial for family members with chronic undiagnosed diarrhea. Many infections with Cryptosporidium have serious morbidity, and thus, spiramycin may be more generally indicated in the treatment of this infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = host (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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