11/19. Phonolexical agraphia. Superimposition of acquired lexical agraphia on developmental phonological dysgraphia.Study of neuropsychological sequelae of a focal acquired brain lesion may bring out and help delineate the features of a compensated developmental language disorder and its anatomical substrate. A left-handed man with a history of phonological developmental dyslexia and dysgraphia learned in early adulthood to read and write using a lexical system. Following a small posterior right parietal infarct when aged 56 yrs he developed a severe agraphia displaying features of phonological dysgraphia with impaired segmentation and features of lexical agraphia. writing was severely impaired for all classes of word and nonword stimuli but his errors did not resemble those attributable to a deficit in the system responsible for the short-term storage of the graphemic representation of a word (graphemic output buffer). These observations imply that an acquired lexical agraphia has been superimposed on his developmental phonological dysgraphia, resulting in a combined or 'phonolexical' agraphia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = dysgraphia, agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/19. Lexical capture: a developmental disorder of reading and spelling.We report a case of a 35-year-old teacher, Louise, with a history of learning difficulties and current evidence of developmental phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia. Her reading, spelling, and remembering of novel stimuli written in conventional alphabetic script was poor, but she performed significantly better when the same items were written in the International Phonetic Alphabet, a system that she learned when studying linguistics. Her impaired performance in tasks of phonemic segmentation and short-term memory, which are generally associated with impaired reading and spelling of unfamiliar material, could not account for her specific difficulty with alphabetic stimuli. Instead, her problems appear to result from a lexical strategy, which we have called "lexical capture".- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.091733287302415keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/19. Developmental dyslexia and dysgraphia persistence in middle age.J.R. is a middle-aged man whose developmental dyslexia and dysgraphia have persisted in a problematic fashion for the 30 years since he left school. He is a phonological dyslexic. Whereas surface dyslexics operate on reading units that are too small, Mr. R operates on units that are too large. Spelling exhibits both regularity and lexicality effects. These seemingly contradictory results are consistent with a two-route model of spelling in which each route is functioning with approximately 50% efficiency. Performance on paralinguistic rhyming tasks is poor and shows no recovery in comparison to younger developmental phonological dyslexics. Difficulties with higher-order sound segmentation, analysis, or organization may underly the lifelong literacy problems.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.45866643651207keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/19. Left-hemisphere missile injury. A clinical and anatomical case study, with 25-year follow up.A case is reported of left-hemisphere missile injury sustained in 1944. A stable pattern of selective loss (dysphasia, dyslexia, dysgraphia, and verbal memory impairment) and intact abilities (perceptual and spatial skills and nonverbal memory) was followed up for 25 years. No progressive or generalized intellectual deterioration to suggest interaction between this brain injury and normal aging was observed. The clinical and neuropsychological sequelae are related to the detailed postmortem findings.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.091733287302415keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/19. Visual and phonological factors in acquired dysgraphia.The written spelling behaviour of a severely aphasic patient, whose many errors suggested a strong influence of visuo-spatial representations, is described. An experiment was carried out to confirm or refute the importance of visual factors in spelling to dictation. The strongest confirmatory evidence was the patient's propensity for writing the individual letters of a word in nonlinear order, i.e. not left to right, sometimes even beginning in the middle of a word. The influence of whole visual word-contours was also examined. Analysis of the results suggested that, in addition to the visual element, certain phonological factors played a small part in the patient's repertoire of strategies and this was confirmed in a second experiment. The patient's multi-strategy approach to written spelling is discussed on the basis of an information-flow model. This leads on to consideration of the possibility of consolidating the residual phonological system as part of a re-education plan.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.36693314920966keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/19. language disabilities in three twin pairs and their relatives.Three pairs of monozygotic twins were ascertained during a general survey of language disabilities conducted among schoolchildren of Porto Alegre, brazil. Two of them were concordant for dysgraphia, dysorthographia, dyslexia, and speech defects, while the other was concordant for dysorthographia and dyslexia, but discordant for dysgraphia. Two of the mothers and two sibs also presented language problems, but of a type that was not completely similar to those of the twins. Concomitant neurological and psychological studies, as well as the family histories, helped to understand the similarities and dissimilarities observed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.18346657460483keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/19. Dissociation between reading and written spelling in two Italian children: dyslexia without dysgraphia?The reading and writing to dictation skills of two mentally retarded Italian boys were tested. In both cases, written spelling was greatly superior to reading, despite the fact that visual acuity was within normal limits and simple visual matching tasks were performed well. Phenotypically, these developmental cases are analogous to cases of acquired alexia without agraphia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.39675539828325keywords = dysgraphia, agraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/19. seizures, dyslexia, and dysgraphia of psychogenic origin.dyslexia and dysgraphia of various kinds are recognized sequelae of cerebral lesions. Although refusal to read or write may occur in a number of psychiatric disorders, to our knowledge dyslexia and dysgraphia as the sole manifestations of a psychogenic disorder have not previously been reported. Our patient had psychogenic symptoms, initially including seizures but subsequently consisting solely of dyslexia and dysgraphia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.6421330111169keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/19. Phonological dyslexia and phonological dysgraphia following left and right hemispherectomy.Four adults who had hemispherectomies because of severe epilepsy following infantile of childhood damage to one hemisphere of the brain, are assessed on their reading and spelling abilities in an attempt to see if the two hemispheres are equipotential for these abilities in infancy. The psycholinguistic assessments of language processing in aphasia (PALPA) are used, and the results are interpreted from the viewpoint of hypotheses of "normal" right and left hemisphere reading abilities. overall, the results suggest that the two hemispheres are equipotential at infancy for developing the skills underlying reading, but the left hemisphere is more specialized for the skills underlying spelling. All participants could read learnt regular and irregular words, and abstract and concrete words, suggesting that the reading lexicon develops in line with a normal left hemisphere lexicon, whichever hemisphere remains intact following hemispherectomy. However, poor reading of non-words suggests that the phonological reading route is severely impaired following left hemispherectomy (phonological dyslexia), and somewhat impaired following right hemispherectomy. The right-hemispherectomized participant is only mildly impaired on spelling real words, in contrast to the left-hemispherectomized participants who are markedly impaired. None of the participants could spell non-words, suggesting that the phonological spelling route is impaired following removal of either hemisphere (phonological dysgraphia).- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.45866643651207keywords = dysgraphia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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