1/6. Large empty sella with an intrasellar herniation of an elongated third ventricle. Case report.A 73-year-old female presented with a large empty sella with herniation of an elongated third ventricle concomitant with herniation of the surrounding subarachnoid space into the sella, manifesting as visual impairment and amenorrhea without galactorrhea. magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography cisternography clearly showed the large empty sella, without evidence of either hydrocephalus or benign intracranial hypertension, which is extremely rare.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = galactorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. Empty sella developing during thyroxine therapy in a patient with primary hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinaemia.A 35 year old woman presented with severe primary hypothyroidism and galactorrhea. A very high prolactin level was also detected and computerized tomography scan of the sellar region demonstrated an enlarged pituitary gland associated with contrast enhancement. Replacement therapy with thyroxine corrected both biochemical and clinical abnormalities but empty sella developed during this therapy. It is concluded that empty sella may be related to thyroxine-induced shrinkage of lactotroph and/or thyrotroph cell hyperplasia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = galactorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. galactorrhea, amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and an empty sella.Increased serum prolactin (hPRL) and increased volume of the sella turcica as detected by roentgenography are compatible with a pituitary adenoma. The empty sella syndrome can increase sella volume, but is usually associated with minimal, if any, endocrine dysfunction. The present case details a young woman with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, elevated serum hPRL, and roentgenographic evidence of an enlarged sella turcica. pneumoencephalography with hypocycloidal polytomography is interpreted as both an empty sella, and evidence of a pituitary adenoma. The etiology and endocrine findings in the empty sella syndrome are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = galactorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. Coexistent empty sella and prolactin-secreting microadenoma.The empty sella turcica may be found in people with no antecedent history of intracranial disease, as well as in those with known pituitary pathology or following therapy to the pituitary gland. We have evaluated 3 women with galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia, 2 of whom had amenorrhea. Each had an empty sella. In all cases polytomograms demonstrated asymmetry of the sella floor with focal bony erosion, conventional pneumoencephalography showed intrasellar air, and polytomographic pneumoencephalography confirmed air limited to one side of the pituitary fossa with tumor and/or residual normal tissue on the opposite side. In 2 patients who had extensive endocrine evaluation, pituitary function was normal with the exception of hyperprolactinemia. Transsphenoidal excision of microadenomas resulted in postoperative normalization of the serum prolactin concentration and resumption of regular menses in the previously amenorrheic women.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = galactorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. Sellar enlargement with hyperprolactinemia and a Rathke's pouch cyst.A woman with secondary amenorrhea was found to have hyperprolactinemia without clinical galactorrhea. Radiological findings of an enlarged sella turcica with displacement of the pituitary stalk were considered consistent with a prolactin macroadenoma. Treatment with bromocriptine corrected the amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia, and the patient inadvertently became pregnant. However, no complications to the mother or fetus occurred during pregnancy or postpartum. On transsphenoidal surgery three months postpartum, the unexpected presence of a large Rathke's pouch cyst with a microadenomatous or nodular hyperplasia type of prolactin-secreting tumor was observed to account for the preoperative clinical and radiological findings.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = galactorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. hyperprolactinemia and delayed puberty: a report of three cases and their response to therapy.Delayed puberty occurred in three patients (aged 15 to 22 years) with elevated prolactin levels. Despite the varying etiologies, their clinical presentations were marked by absence of galactorrhea, prepubertal genitalia (2/3), and short stature (1/3). Except for hyperprolactinemia, endocrinologic evaluation was normal in two patients. bromocriptine restored prolactin levels to normal in all three patients, two of whom had prior transsphenoidal surgery, and resulted in initiation of menses in one girl and pubertal development in both boys. The 22-year-old male patient with the empty sella syndrome has progressed through puberty after the addition of oral testosterone.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = galactorrhea (Clic here for more details about this article) |