11/64. Sequential MR studies of a patient with white matter disease presenting psychotic symptoms: ADEM versus single-episode MS.Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are both demyelinating white matter disorders. It is difficult to differentiate ADEM from single episode MS because of the similar clinical presentation, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analysis, histological finding and magnetic resonance image (MRI) appearance. We report an ADEM case with unusual clinical presentations of predominant psychiatric symptoms, and relatively long disease course. Initially, we were not able to distinguish it from single episode MS. By means of sequential MR images followed up 2 years and spectroscopy studies, and the dramatic clinical improvement after corticosteroid therapy, ADEM was diagnosed as the disease entity of this patient. In this case report we will present the MR findings of this patient and discuss the differentiation between the ADEM and MS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = multiple sclerosis, sclerosis, ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/64. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following aseptic meningoencephalitis.A previously healthy 50-year-old man developed aseptic meningoencephalitis with clinical manifestations including fever, headache, seizure, Wernicke aphasia, right hemiplegia, and blindness in the left eye. One and one-half months after remission of meningoencephalitis, marked ataxia and psychiatric symptoms became apparent. magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple new lesions involving the basal ganglia, thalamus, white matter, and cerebellum. Despite these developments, cerebrospinal fluid findings continued to improve except for excessive content of myelin basic protein. Within 2 weeks, steroid therapy dramatically resolved the ataxic symptoms and disseminated lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0010095870797352keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/64. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) due to mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in an adolescent.A 17-year-old boy presented with a severe form of an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with hemiparesis and coma after initial symptoms of a flu-like febrile infection 1 week previously. Titers against mycoplasma pneumoniae were significantly increased in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Detection of M. pneumoniae was achieved in the initial CSF sample using M. pneumoniae-specific PCR. The patient improved significantly on antimicrobial therapy with erythromycin and immunosupressive therapy with immunoglobulins and corticosteroids. This case report demonstrates a well-documented course of a central nervous system (CNS) infection resulting in the ADEM syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0005047935398676keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/64. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis--another cause of post malaria cerebellar ataxia.The aetio-pathogenesis of delayed onset cerebellar ataxia following plasmodium falciparum malaria is uncertain. An autoimmune demyelinating pathology has been suspected though not yet definitively substantiated. In the present communication we report a case of delayed onset cerebellar ataxia following acute falciparum malaria, where magnetic resonance imaging revealed demyelinating lesions in the pons and cerebellar peduncles which disappeared after resolution of symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0005047935398676keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/64. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with parainfluenza virus infection of childhood.Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with the parainfluenza virus has rarely been reported in childhood. A 2.5-year-old girl with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, who developed bilateral symmetrical lesions in the basal ganglion, thalamus, corpus callosum, cerebral subcortical white matter, and cerebellar medulla on brain magnetic resonance imaging is described. Serological confirmation of parainfluenza virus infection was made 2 weeks following the onset of neurological symptoms. Four months later, the patient had a full recovery. At present, 3 years later, no relapse has been reported and she is leading a normal life. Our case is of interest because of its rarity, the striking brain magnetic resonance imaging, and the good neurological outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0005047935398676keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/64. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following nephropathia epidemica.Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an acute monophasic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) occurring days to weeks after a virus infection or vaccination. Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala virus, with endemic regions in europe, especially scandinavia and Western russia. We describe a case of severe nephropathia epidemica requiring dialysis, followed by severe CNS symptoms caused by ADEM. To our best knowledge this is the first case in the literature in which NE caused ADEM.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0005047935398676keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/64. Intravascular lymphomatosis presenting with a conus medullaris syndrome mimicking disseminated encephalomyelitis.We describe the clinical, radiologic, and postmortem findings of a 42-year-old man with intravascular lymphomatosis. The patient presented with a conus medullaris syndrome followed by progressive, disseminated spinal and cerebral symptoms. Disseminated encephalomyelitis was suspected due to the clinical, radiologic, and cerebrospinal fluid findings and the results of a stereotactic brain biopsy, all of which were compatible with inflammatory CNS disease. Treatment with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide led to a temporary remission of symptoms. The patient died 13 months after onset of symptoms. The diagnosis of disseminated intravascular lymphomatosis was established after death.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0015143806196028keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/64. aphasia as a rare presentation of monosymptomatic demyelinating disease: case report and review of the literature.We present a case of sudden-onset aphasia due to a single pathological lesion, which at neuroradiological imaging studies was suggestive of glioma, while on biopsy proved be of demyelinating nature. Every cause of demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system was considered in the differential diagnosis, concluding for a primary demyelinating disease. The clinical and radiological differences between multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis are discussed. Although aphasia has already been described in demyelinating diseases, we underline its rarity as onset symptom.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.99747603230066keywords = multiple sclerosis, sclerosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/64. rett syndrome phenotype following infantile acute encephalopathy.rett syndrome is a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder with a well-defined clinical spectrum and course. Recently, mutations in the gene encoding X-linked methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) have been identified as the cause of rett syndrome. Along with the classic form, variant forms of rett syndrome and rett syndrome phenotypes are also recognized. We report on a girl who, at age 2 months, developed an acute encephalopathy with destructive brain damage 12 hours after acellular pertussis vaccination. Peripheral lymphocyte subset analysis revealed the existence of T lymphocytes double positive for CD4 and CD8 markers. This pattern normalized over the following 3 months. Months later, the girl manifested a rett syndrome phenotype. dna screening of the MECP2 gene was unrevealing in the child and her parents. This previously unreported association emphasizes the notion that rett syndrome phenotypes can result from different (either genetic or environmental) causes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0005047935398676keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/64. encephalomyelitis disseminata: a rare, but challenging differential diagnosis of anorectic disorder.The frequent occurrence of psychiatric syndromes in encephalomyelitis disseminata is known to obscure its diagnosis. We here report on the case of a 19-year-old female patient presenting symptoms of anorexia nervosa and subsequently diagnosed as suffering from encephalomyelitis disseminata. High dose corticoid treatment resulted in a nearly complete remission of the neurological symptoms as well as the normalization of her eating behaviour. Our case report underscores the importance of considering 'organic' aetiology in patients with symptoms of distinct eating disorders. The clinical course confirms recent findings, suggesting that acute inflammation in encephalomyelitis disseminata may induce behavioural symptoms, which precede the onset of neurological signs. To our knowledge, only one previous case has been reported to date.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.002523967699338keywords = ms (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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