Cases reported "Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic"

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1/115. rhabdomyolysis complicating unrecognized hypophosphatemia in an alcoholic patient.

    rhabdomyolysis occurring as a complication of hypophosphatemia has been infrequently described. A 58-year-old male with a history of daily alcohol consumption presented with two generalized tonic clonic seizures secondary to hypovolemic hyponatremia. He was volume-resuscitated, and antiepileptic medication was administered. After three days of hospitalization, the patient developed severe rhabdomyolysis despite the absence of further seizure activity. serum phosphate levels were depressed. He was treated with intravenous mannitol, alkaline diuresis, and intravenous and oral phosphate supplementation. He recovered uneventfully. hypophosphatemia can potentially lead to multisystem organ dysfunction including severe rhabdomyolysis. It is, therefore, important to maintain a low threshold for measuring serum phosphate levels in patients admitted to hospital.
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ranking = 1
keywords = lead
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2/115. Neonatal seizures: unusual causes.

    seizures are the most common manifestation of neurological dysfunction in the newborn. The causes of newborn seizures are manifold with etiological determination important with respect to treatment, prognosis, and recurrence risk perspectives. This article highlights two cases with unusual, genetically based causes for newborn seizures. These cases are used to highlight the diagnostic approach to this clinical problem.
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ranking = 6.679177216764
keywords = neurologic
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3/115. orphenadrine poisoning in a child: clinical and analytical data.

    orphenadrine is an anticholinergic drug used mainly in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It has a peripheral and central effect and a known cardiotoxic effect when taken in large doses. We report the successful outcome of the treatment of a 2 1/2-year-old girl who accidentally ingested 400 mg of orphenadrine hydrochloride (Disipal). One hour after ingestion she presented neurological symptoms: confusion, ataxic walking, and periods of severe agitation. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures appeared resistant to the administration of multiple antiepileptics. They ceased after a supplementary dose of intravenous diazepam, endotracheal intubation, and mechanical ventilation. An episode of ventricular tachycardia responded well to i. v. lidocaine. physostigmine was administered in three successive doses. The initial orphenadrine plasma level (3,55 microg/ml) was in the toxic range, associated with high mortality. The calculated elimination half-life was 10.2 h and the molecule and/or its metabolites were found up to 90 h after ingestion.
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ranking = 6.679177216764
keywords = neurologic
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4/115. Successful treatment of normeperidine neurotoxicity by hemodialysis.

    Normeperidine, a major metabolite of meperidine, is half as potent as meperidine as an analgesic but two to three times more potent as a convulsant. Renal failure significantly increases the plasma half-life of normeperidine. The intensity of the central nervous system excitation is highly correlated with the plasma concentration of normeperidine. Moreover, normeperidine toxicity is not reversed by naloxone, which may exacerbate it. We report a patient with end-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance continuous cycler peritoneal dialysis who had been receiving meperidine for pain control. The patient subsequently developed myoclonic contractions and a grand mal seizure. The patient was successfully treated with hemodialysis (using an F8 dialyzer) for presumed normeperidine-induced seizure. During hemodialysis, normeperidine average blood clearance was 73 mL/min, average plasma clearance was 50 mL/min, and average percentage of plasma extraction was 24%. There also was a 26% reduction in plasma concentration of normeperidine over 3 hours of hemodialysis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that hemodialysis may be used effectively for treating patients with suspected normeperidine-induced neurotoxicity.
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ranking = 1025.014514978
keywords = neurotoxicity, nervous system
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5/115. Acute isoniazid neurotoxicity during preventive therapy.

    OBJECTIVE: To describe rare side effects of treatment with isoniazid. DESIGN: Descriptive case report. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit in a university medical center. PATIENT: A 14-yr old previously healthy girl receiving preventive isoniazid therapy who suddenly developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures and coma. INTERVENTIONS: Patient was sedated and mechanically ventilated. She also received pyridoxine intravenously. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: An isoniazid overdose was not confirmed. Computed tomography of the brain and electroencephalogram revealed nothing abnormal. seizures gradually disappeared within 2 hrs after sedation and treatment with pyridoxine. The patient was discharged on day 14 without consequences and has been well for 10 mos. No seizures reappeared after isoniazid was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: We caution against possible isoniazid neurotoxicity in healthy individuals using recommended preventive doses.
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ranking = 903.65552968365
keywords = neurotoxicity
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6/115. Delayed onset of generalized tonic-clonic seizures as a complication of halo orthosis. Case report.

    The authors report on the case of a 29-year-old man who presented with new-onset, generalized tonic-clonic seizures 11 years after being treated with a halo orthosis for a neurologically intact C-7 fracture. neuroimaging and surgical findings indicated that the epileptic focus was scar tissue, which developed secondary to halo pin penetration of the skull. This complication of halo orthosis has not yet been reported in the literature.
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ranking = 6.679177216764
keywords = neurologic
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7/115. Surgical management of intractable epilepsy in children with hemophilia.

    Intracranial hemorrhage occurs in 2-8% of patients with hemophilia and can result in neurologic sequelae including seizure disorders. There is a paucity of data concerning the surgical treatment of epilepsy in children with hemophilia. We review our experience with 2 children who developed medically refractory seizure disorders. Both children underwent hemispherotomy, at 18 months (case 1) and 13 years of age (case 2), respectively. Perioperative management included continuous factor replacement. Both children tolerated surgical intervention without complications or increased neurologic deficit. Case 2 showed a 90% reduction in seizure frequency, and case 1 is seizure free. Surgical management of intractable epilepsy in children with hemophilia is safe and effective.
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ranking = 13.358354433528
keywords = neurologic
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8/115. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus resulting from Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in a patient with neurosyphilis.

    We report a case of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in a patient with neurosyphilis, which was complicated by nonconvulsive status epilepticus. The EEG features suggested a focal seizure onset, although the patient's MRI was normal. JHR is common in the treatment of neurosyphilis, but usually produces only transient systemic constitutional symptoms. Neurologic deterioration is rare, but can be dramatic, as in our patient. NCSE should be considered as an explanation for persistent obtundation and transient focal neurologic findings in this setting.
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ranking = 6.679177216764
keywords = neurologic
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9/115. Paradoxical lithium neurotoxicity: a report of five cases and a hypothesis about risk for neurotoxicity.

    There have been many reports of probable lithium-induced organic brain syndromes occurring when serum lithium levels are within or close to the therapeutic range. The authors report on five patients who developed clinical syndromes suggestive of severe neurotoxicity during lithium treatment. In all cases lithium levels were between .75 and 1.7 mEq/liter. The patients who developed neurotoxicity had markedly higher global ratings of psychotic symptomatology and anxiety in the pretoxic period than did patients who never deveoped neurotoxicity. When the acute manic state is characterized by marked psychotic symptoms and intense anxiety, it may be associated with increased vulnerability to the development of severe lithium neurotoxicity.
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ranking = 2168.7732712408
keywords = neurotoxicity
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10/115. Primary fibrosarcoma of brain.

    This is a case presentation of a young patient with an intracranial space-occupying lesion following multiple episodes of generalised tonic clonic seizures for the last 20 years. Such a long latency period between the onset of fits and the discovery of an intracranial lesion is highly unusual in malignant brain tumours. This lesion was excised completely and proved to be a primary lesion of the brain - fibrosarcoma. These rare tumours of mesenchymal origin in the central nervous system are very rare.
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ranking = 121.35898529432
keywords = nervous system
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