1/46. Primary ocular Epstein-Barr virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with AIDS: a clinicopathologic report.OBJECTIVE: To report an unusual case of chronic multifocal chorioretinitis with vitritis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that was resistant to antiviral and antitoxoplasmic medication and required a retinal biopsy for definitive diagnosis. methods: Vitreous biopsy, pars plana vitrectomy, and retinal biopsy were performed. The vitreous biopsy material was sent for bacterial, fungal, and viral culture, and the vitreous cassette was sent for cytology. The retinal biopsy material was divided and sent for polymerase chain reaction testing for toxoplasmosis and virology and pathologic tissue analysis. RESULTS: Vitreous cytology showed a mixed population of lymphocytes and histiocytes, but all other microbiologic and virologic studies were negative. Tissue analysis revealed an infiltrate of atypical mononuclear cells extending from the inner limiting membrane through the outer plexiform layer characteristic of a B cell, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system (NHL-CNS). in situ hybridization for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was positive. An extensive systemic evaluation did not show evidence of extraocular tumor. CONCLUSION: Although rare, primary ocular NHL-CNS can be seen in patients with AIDS, and its clinical presentation often closely resembles other disorders. To our knowledge, this case represents the first ocular NHL in which EBV is shown to be associated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = retinitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/46. Three children with congenital toxoplasmosis: early report from a Swedish prospective screening study.The aim of this prospective study was to define the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in sweden. Blood eluates collected on filter papers, Guthrie cards, from 40978 newborn babies were analysed for specific immunoglobulin m (IgM) and IgG antitoxoplasma antibodies. This is a preliminary report of three children with congenital toxoplasmosis, defined by the occurrence of antitoxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies. Two children were asymptomatic at birth. They were both normally developed at the age of 12 and 15 months, respectively. The third child had unidentified but uncomplicated symptoms of infection in the neonatal period. As a result of the screening congenital toxoplasmosis was confirmed and treatment instituted. Microphthalmus and peripheral chorioretinitis were detected in one eye. In spite of the chemotherapeutic treatment he developed hydrocephalus needing neurosurgical intervention at the age of 3 months. His development at 14 months was normal. The incidence in sweden of congenital toxoplasmosis detected by specific IgM antitoxoplasma antibodies in blood from filter papers is less than 1:10000.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = retinitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/46. A case in the spectrum of the oculo-encephalo-hepato-renal syndrome.An 18-year-old male is presented with unprecedented central nervous system findings (cerebral dysplasia and sacral meningocele) possibly in the spectrum of the oculo-encephalo-hepato-renal syndrome. He had severe mental retardation, triplegia, epilepsy, retinitis pigmentosa, and chronic renal failure. magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated cerebral dysplasia (left dominant abnormal gyri, hypoplastic white matter, basal ganglia, and thalamus, and absence of the septum pellucidum) and the hypoplastic cerebellum and brainstem. A sacral meningocele was observed first at 16 years of age. His renal function gradually worsened after 11 years of age. His liver function was normal. The previously reported 72 cases with the oculo-encephalo-hepato-renal syndrome are reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = retinitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/46. A case of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with ocular infiltration.We present a case of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) with ocular infiltration. A 1-month-old boy presented with myeloid precursors in peripheral blood and a white blood cell count >10x10(9)/l. His peripheral blood monocyte count was >1x10(9)/l, bone marrow blasts were <20%, and no Ph chromosome was identified. The boy also presented with hepatosplenomegaly, pallor, fever, and skin rash. We diagnosed this case as JMML, although hemoglobin F was within the normal range and no spontaneous colony growth was observed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Neither Epstein-Barr (EB) virus nor cytomegalovirus was detected by PCR in bone marrow aspirate or peripheral blood. The patient had several lesions into which JMML cells might have infiltrated, including skin, liver, spleen, oral cavity, right lung, sigmoid colon, and both eyes. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of JMML with ocular involvement. Since infiltration of JMML cells into both eyes causes blindness, further consideration of the timing of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in JMML is necessary.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.10464630651484keywords = cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/46. Relapsing polychondritis.BACKGROUND: Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is a rare, chronic, and potentially fatal multisystemic inflammatory disorder targeting cartilaginous structures. This disorder is frequently associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, and/or hematologic disorders. RPC afflicts patients with recurrent and often progressive episodes of inflammation with the potential for destruction of the affected structures. tissues involved include the ears, joints, nose, larynx, trachea, eyes, heart valves, kidneys,and skin. Ocular manifestations commonly include episcleritis, scleritis, conjunctivitis, iridocyclitis, chorioretinitis, and proptosis. Lid edema, orbital inflammation, muscle palsies, and corneal melting may also occur. CASE REPORT: An 83-year-old man previously diagnosed with RPC presented to our clinic with acute unilateral chemosis, conjunctivitis, lid edema, proptosis, and extraocular muscle restriction. After orbital cellulitis was ruled out, further evaluation revealed posterior scleritis with choroidal detachment OS. A course of oral indomethacin and topical antibiotic-steroid combination drops was implemented in the treatment of the ocular manifestations. The quick positive response to the anti-inflammatory agents confirmed the diagnosis of ocular complications secondary to RPC. DISCUSSION: The presenting ocular signs and symptoms of RPC often resemble other commonly encountered ocular conditions. It is important for the eye care practitioner to be familiar with the ocular manifestations of RPC because the eyes are sometimes the initial site of involvement and may be a marker of severity. early diagnosis and intervention may significantly improve the patient's outcome. This case report with literature review will hopefully bring to light features of this disease which will help the eye care practitioner in the diagnosis and management of this condition.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = retinitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/46. vitrectomy for large vitreous opacity in retinitis pigmentosa.PURPOSE: To describe a patient with bilateral retinitis pigmentosa and visually disabling vitreous opacities, who benefited from vitrectomy in both eyes. methods: A 37-year-old man with retinitis pigmentosa and severely constricted visual fields developed a large, dense, vitreous floater and visual obscuration in the right eye. Subsequently, diffuse vitreous opacification and visual obscuration developed in the left eye. RESULTS: Bilateral pars plana vitrectomy relieved the patient's visual obscurations. Electron micrographs of the excised vitreous opacity from the left eye showed collagen fibrils and cellular debris. CONCLUSION: Visually significant vitreous opacities may develop as a complication of retinitis pigmentosa. The visual impact of such opacities may be magnified by its superimposition on limited visual fields. vitrectomy may be of benefit in such cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = retinitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/46. Uveitic angle closure glaucoma in a patient with inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis and immune recovery uveitis.We report a case of uveitic acute angle closure glaucoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis and immune recovery vitritis. We conducted a long-term, follow-up examination of a 47-year-old male with AIDS and inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis caused by immune recovery on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We found vitritis and ultimate development of uveitic glaucoma in the postoperative periods following repair of retinal detachment and extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant. An episode of acute angle closure secondary to posterior synechiae and iris bombe subsequently developed, requiring peripheral laser iridotomy. Immune recovery in the setting of inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis can result in intraocular inflammation severe enough to cause angle closure glaucoma and profound ocular morbidity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 82.26101522928keywords = cytomegalovirus retinitis, retinitis, cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/46. Vitritis and chorioretinitis in a patient with west nile virus infection.OBJECTIVE: To describe the visual outcome, fundus appearance, and fluorescein angiographic findings of a patient diagnosed as having acute west nile virus infection. methods: We conducted comprehensive eye examinations, including visual acuity testing and slitlamp and fundus examinations, along with fluorescein angiography at the initial and follow-up visits. RESULTS: A 62-year-old white woman had a 2-week history of floaters in her left eye along with symptoms of fatigue, a left-sided frontal headache, and a low-grade fever. She was found to have anterior uveitis, vitritis, and nonnecrotizing chorioretinitis in her left eye with similar but milder findings in the right eye. The anterior uveitis responded to topical steroids. Because of continued fevers and fatigue, a serologic test for west nile virus immunoglobulin m was performed, and the results were found to be positive for this disease. CONCLUSION: These unique eye findings, along with associated systemic signs and symptoms, can potentially indicate infection with the west nile virus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = retinitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/46. Use of PCR to diagnose toxoplasma gondii chorioretinitis in eyes with severe vitritis.Two cases are reported of intraocular inflammation in which severe vitritis hampered the fundal view, making an accurate clinical diagnosis impossible, and vitreous analysis using conventional techniques was unhelpful. PCR for toxoplasma gondii was positive in both cases and provided the only way of confirming the diagnosis. Other ocular samples also underwent PCR for toxoplasma dna and the specificity of this approach is demonstrated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = retinitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/46. Immune recovery uveitis in an iatrogenically immunosuppressed patient.PURPOSE: To report a case of immune recovery uveitis (IRU) in an iatrogenically immunosuppressed human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative patient. methods: Interventional case report. One patient was diagnosed with cytomegalovirus retinitis in the left eye while receiving immunosuppressive treatment following renal transplantation. The retinitis resolved completely with systemic ganciclovir. Further reduction of immunosuppressive treatment, causing a rapid increase in CD4-T lymphocyte count, was associated in the same eye with the occurrence of IRU consisting of anterior uveitis, vitritis, and macular edema. RESULTS: visual acuity at IRU presentation onset was 20/200 in the left eye. After 6 weeks of follow-up, the uveitis resolved with topical and periocular steroid treatment. visual acuity restored to 20/40. CONCLUSIONS: IRU can occur in iatrogenically immunosuppressed hiv-negative patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 12.751573604183keywords = cytomegalovirus retinitis, retinitis, cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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