11/29. Selective embryo reduction of an interstitial heterotopic gestation.A case of combined interstitial and intrauterine pregnancy is described. The sonographic finding of a thick myometrial bridge separating a twin pregnancy may be unique to heterotopic cornual pregnancies and is illustrated. The method of selective embryo reduction with potassium chloride to terminate the interstitial pregnancy without damage to the intrauterine pregnancy is also described. The intrauterine pregnancy continued successfully to term.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = embryo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/29. Urorectal septum malformation sequence.The urorectal septum malformation sequence consists of absent perineal and anal openings in association with ambiguous genitalia and urogenital, colonic, and lumbosacral anomalies. The full sequence is highly lethal, and the partial sequence, characterized by a single perineal opening draining a common cloaca, is compatible with life. Defects in mesodermal proliferation early in embryogenesis result in this rare condition. Timely urologic and surgical evaluations and reconstructions are imperative and necessary for survival. Urologists should be familiar with the mechanisms and presentations of this condition, as they may be involved in the diagnosis and management of such patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = embryo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/29. Orofaciodigital syndrome with cerebral dysgenesis.orofaciodigital syndromes (OFD) are a group of diseases classified according to the phenotype and the mode of inheritance. We report on a fetus presenting with some features of the OFDs but with additional global cerebral dysgenesis. ultrasonography at 19 weeks of pregnancy disclosed hypoplasia of the cerebral hemispheres with a large intrahemispheric cyst, as well as dysmorphic facial features and brachy-syndactyly IV-V. Fetal brain MRI confirmed these features and disclosed additional morphological anomalies: Agenesis of the vermis, complete agenesis of the corpus callosum, pachygyria of the left hemisphere. Pathological examination showed a disproportionate fetus with large head and short limbs. Dysmorphic features included hypertelorism, broad nasal root, long philtrum, severe micrognathia, microstomia, cleft palate, and lobulated tongue. Radiographs showed distal malformations of the four limbs. Neuropathological examination showed a severe disturbance of the architecture of both hemispheres, more severe on the right side, with four cystic structures located between the hemispheres. Olfactory stalks, mammillary bodies, and midline structures were absent. cerebellum and brainstem were hypoplastic. On the right hemisphere as on most part of the left one, microscopic findings displayed a complete disruption of the developing mantle with disturbance of the neuronal migration. The present fetus fulfilled the diagnosis of OFD syndrome: Dysmorphic features, cleft palate and lobulate tongue and polysyndactylies of the feet and hands. The cerebral involvement would make it closer to OFD type VI, but brain malformations were far more severe in the present case, with complex and generalized cortical dysgenesis, evoking a disturbance occurring at a very early stage of the embryogenesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = embryo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/29. Progression of exencephaly to anencephaly in the human fetus--an ultrasound perspective.Exencephaly as a precursor of anencephaly is well delineated in animal studies. In humans, a similar though unproven embryologic sequence is postulated. In the case reported, serial ultrasound studies allowed us to identify a 16-week human exencephalic fetus and observe the cephalic changes during its progression to a classic anencephalic appearance.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = embryo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/29. Human acardiac anomaly: a report of three cases.We report on three cases of acardia, all of which had to be classified as acardius anceps. The degree of cardiac malformation ranged between a completely missing heart and a malrotation of a relatively well-developed heart. One fetus showed an intermediate form of cardiac malformation with a hypoplastic cor triloculare. Our findings suggest that the defect in cardiac development may take place at different times in early embryogenesis, resulting in differing degrees of cardiac malformation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = embryo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/29. yolk sac calcification: a sonographic finding associated with intrauterine embryonic demise in the first trimester.Two cases of the sonographic demonstration of yolk sac calcification associated with first-trimester intrauterine embryonic demise are reported. Histologic verification was obtained in one case. yolk sac calcification may reflect typical dystrophic changes or be more specifically related to a yolk sac calcium-binding protein. awareness of this sonographic finding--which the authors believe to be previously undescribed--may prevent diagnostic errors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = embryo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/29. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor: a newly recognized cause of early fetal death.Reviews in the literature of fetal and neonatal neoplasms deal only with congenital tumors, that is, tumors presenting at or shortly after birth. Virtually nothing is known about neoplasms occurring in the embryonal period or early fetal life. We report five small macerated fetuses with a very primitive embryonal tumor of neuroectodermal origin. The tumor characteristically showed massive vascular permeation. Expulsion of the fetus occurred during the fourth or fifth month of pregnancy. It is suggested that this primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a "new" cause of spontaneous late abortion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = embryo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/29. Human triploid embryo: cytogenetic and anatomopathologic study.A cytogenetic and anatomopathologic study of an embryo of 24 mm crown-rump length showing pure triploidy (69,XXY) is reported. Anomalies such as unilateral genitourinary agenesia, aortic alterations, defects in cerebral development, and anomalies of the chorionic villi were detected.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = embryo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/29. Congenital meningeal sarcoma--a case report.A 30-year-old multigravida woman was admitted to the obstetrical unit in the third trimester of gestation, because of a large-for-date uterus. Repeated ultrasonic examinations over a 2-week period revealed an increase in biparietal diameter far too large to be normal. This progressive asymmetrical hydrocephalus was diagnosed as caused by an intracranial space-occupying lesion in the middle cranial fossa. Because of the only minimal thickness of the cerebral cortex prognosis was judged so poor, that labor was induced. A stillborn female infant was delivered vaginally after an ultrasonically guided transabdominal and later transcervical encephalocentesis. autopsy revealed hydrocephalus and section through the fixed brain showed that the mentioned mass was an undifferentiated meningeal sarcoma that filled the left middle cranial fossa. Microscopically the sarcoma was invading the brain tissue. Definitions of the term "congenital brain-tumors" vary among authors. "Congenital" can be interpreted as "derived from embryonal tissue" or as "originating in utero". Congenital intracranial neoplasms are very rare. Antenatally intracranial tumors have been reviewed by Wells, Solitare and Farwell. Only a few cases of congenital brain tumors arising in the meninges have been reported in these reviews. The genesis of the tumor is explained as derived from multipotential cells. The undifferentiated type of a meningeal sarcoma has a poor prognosis. Most meningeal sarcoma present with progressive hydrocephalus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = embryo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/29. Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome.We report on two fetuses with a lethal form of multiple-pterygium syndrome born to first cousins. The two pregnancies aborted spontaneously in the 2nd trimester, the fetuses, 10-11 weeks of embryonic age, showing multiple pterygia and multiple cartilaginous fusions. One had cleft lip and palate. In both cases the microscopic anatomy of the placenta showed villi with scalloped border and intravillous trophoblastic invaginations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = embryo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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