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1/286. Successful treatment with steroid pulse therapy in a case of immunotactoid glomerulopathy with hypocomplementemia.

    We report a case of immunotactoid glomerulopathy with severe hypocomplementemia. The patient was a 47-year-old woman who presented with pitting edema, proteinuria, and hypertension. Serological testings were negative or within normal limits except for hypocomplementemia. There were no findings of hematopoietic diseases, cryoglobulinemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The renal biopsy specimen showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with numerous periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive deposits. Under electron microscopy, however, microtubular structure was shown in the mesangial matrix and the subendothelial and subepithelial spaces of the peripheral capillary loops. These histological features were compatible with those of immunotactoid glomerulopathy. Although conventional oral steroid therapy failed to have an effect on proteinuria and hypocomplementemia over 3 months, steroid pulse therapy brought dramatic relief: complete remission of proteinuria and normalization of hypocomplementemia. These findings suggest that intensive immunosuppressive therapy may cure a kind of immunotactoid glomerulopathy with hypocomplementemia. ( info)

2/286. Fibrillary glomerulonephritis in a renal allograft.

    Fibrillary glomerulonephritis is an uncommon disease seen in approximately 1% of all native kidney biopsy specimens. We present here a case of a 40-year-old white woman with the rapid loss of graft function secondary to fibrillary glomerulonephritis within 7 days of receiving a living-related renal allograft. This case emphasizes the values of combining urinalysis with prompt allograft kidney biopsy in recipients with an elevated serum creatinine posttransplantation. When one encounters rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis or a pulmonary-renal syndrome in the immediate posttransplantation period, fibrillary glomerulonephritis must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Because of a high recurrence rate and no available treatment to modify a potentially malignant course of this disease, we recommend caution when considering these patients for transplantation. ( info)

3/286. nephrotic syndrome with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis induced by multiple wasp stings.

    We report the case of a young male who developed severe nephrotic syndrome within 2-3 weeks after being stung by 3 wasps. A percutaneous kidney biopsy specimen revealed mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with occasional subepithelial deposits suggestive of early membranous nephropathy. The patient was treated with oral prednisone 60 mg/day with no significant clinical response after 4 weeks, at which point he was started on oral cyclophosphamide, 100 mg/day, while the prednisone dose was tapered to 20 mg every other day over a 2-week period. Six months after initiation of cyclophosphamide, he still has severe nephrotic syndrome. We also briefly review the literature on hymenoptera sting associated nephrotic syndrome. ( info)

4/286. A rare complication of renal biopsy in a child with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

    Percutaneous renal biopsy is essential for the definitive diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis. Large arteriovenous fistula (AVF) which is a rare complication of native renal biopsy is generally diagnosed in the first weeks after the procedure. We present a childhood membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis case with an enormous AVF presenting with severe hypertension 15 months after the biopsy that was successfully embolized. In conclusion, AVF must be considered in children having chronic glomerulonephritides even if hypertension appears late after the renal biopsy. ( info)

5/286. Cutaneous telangiectasias, sparse hair, and type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

    We report the unusual association of normocomplementemic type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a 10-year-old girl with sparse red hair, absent eyebrows and eyelashes, cutaneous telangiectasias, and an atrial septal defect. ( info)

6/286. Diffuse recidivant alveolar hemorrhage in a patient with hepatitis c virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia.

    A case of diffuse and recidivant alveolar hemorrhage is presented in a patient with hepatitis c virus-related type II mixed cryoglobulinemia with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The patient was a 48-year-old white woman who suffered several outbreaks of pulmonary hemorrhage refractory to treatment with steroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, plasmapheresis and interferon-alpha. The patient also presented persistent increased titers of immune complexes and rheumatoid factor with no histological hepatic alterations. Some considerations about evolution and treatment are given according to the updated physiopathology of this disease. ( info)

7/286. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome associated with nephrotic syndrome.

    A 21-year-old man was admitted to Kure National Hospital with nephrotic syndrome in September 1996. He had suffered from an intractable pruritic skin rash and recurrent subcutaneous abscesses caused by the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome since the age of 18 months. Renal biopsy gave a diagnosis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Steroid therapy decreased urinary protein loss and hypoproteinemia, and his pruritic skin rash was improved. patients with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome have a defective immune response, especially to staphylococcus aureus infection. Continuous antigen stimulation may have caused this patient's renal histological damage as in immune complex glomerulonephritis. ( info)

8/286. glomerulonephritis without IgA deposits in a case of Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

    A boy aged 3 years 8 months with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) developed significant proteinuria with hematuria 2 days after the appearance of purpura rash. Although thought to be purpura nephritis, a percutaneous renal biopsy revealed diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN) without deposition of immunoglobulin a or complement. Since his urine screening test during a health check at the age of 3.5 years had been unremarkable, HSP might have played a role in the pathogenesis of his non-IgA MesPGN. To our knowledge, non-IgA MesPGN is an uncommon renal manifestation of HSP. ( info)

9/286. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with subendothelial deposits (type 1) associated with hepatitis G virus infection in a renal transplant recipient.

    BACKGROUND: infection with hepatitis b virus (HBV) or hepatitis c virus (HCV) is a well-known etiology for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) with subendothelial deposits (MPGN type 1). MATERIAL AND methods: The newly discovered hepatitis G virus (HGV) is currently under active investigation. We report the first case of de novo MPGN type 1 associated with HGV infection in a young male renal transplant recipient who manifested glomerulonephritis (GN) with proteinuria 7 years after transplant, and whose original disease was chronic obstructive pyelonephritis secondary to nephrolithiasis. RESULTS: serum markers for HBV and HCV infections were negative. HGV infection was detected by specific double-nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in sera (positive HGV viremia) 2.5 years after renal transplantation. By specific in situ RT-PCR, the presence of the HGV genome was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in the kidney biopsy (glomeruli and tubules), but not in the liver. CONCLUSION: This report adds new information on the role of HGV infection in the occurrence of de novo GN (MPGN type 1) in renal transplantation. ( info)

10/286. Nephritogenic lambda light chain dimer: a unique human miniautoantibody against complement factor h.

    A unique monoclonal Ig lambda light chain dimer (protein LOI) was isolated from the serum and urine of a patient with hypocomplementemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. in vitro the lambda light chain dimer efficiently activated the alternative pathway of complement (AP). When added to normal human serum, LOI temporarily enhanced AP hemolytic activity, but during a prolonged incubation the hemolytic activity was depleted. Protein LOI was found to bind to factor H, the main regulator molecule of AP. By binding to the short consensus repeat domain 3 of factor H, the dimer LOI blocked one of three interaction sites between H and C3b and thus inhibited the activity of H and induced an uncontrolled activation of the AP. Structural analysis showed that LOI belonged to the Vlambda3a subgroup of lambda light chains. The variable (V) region of LOI was most closely related to the predicted product of the Vlambda3 germline gene Iglv3s2, although it contained several unique residues that in a tertiary homology model structure form an unusual ring of charged residues around a hydrophobic groove in the putative Ag binding site. This site fitted considerably well with a putative binding site in the molecular model of domain 3 of factor H containing a reciprocal ring of charged amino acids around a hydrophobic area. Apparently, functional blocking of factor H by the Ab fragment-like lambda light chain dimer had initiated the development of a severe form of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Thus, the lambda light chain dimer LOI represents the first described pathogenic miniautoantibody in human disease. ( info)
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