1/8. Rapid progression of hiv-1 infection to AIDS.Homosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is usually slowly progressive, and reports of its rapid progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are rare. We present a case of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus coinfection that progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and death in 7 months. The factors that determine the clinical outcome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection are poorly defined; however, coinfection with other agents, such as cytomegalovirus, may influence its natural history.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = coinfection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/8. Initial low CD4 lymphocyte counts in recent human immunodeficiency virus infection and lack of association with identified coinfections.Initial CD4 lymphocyte counts were studied in 244 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion. The CD4 cell counts at initial presentation after seroconversion were normally distributed (mean, 579/mm3; SD, 252). The mean percentage of CD4 cells was 26.1% (SD, 5.6). CD4 cell counts were < 500/mm3 in 41% and < 200/mm3 in 4%. The mean calculated duration of HIV infection was 7.7 months, which was not significantly different between the highest and lowest CD4 count quartiles (8.1 vs. 7.9). Age, sex, race, and serologic evidence of toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis b, syphilis, and varicella-zoster virus were not associated with initial low CD4 cell counts; however, never-married men were significantly overrepresented in the lowest quartile. These findings suggest that extensive CD4 lymphocyte depletion is common in early HIV infection and that frequent screening is necessary to identify newly infected patients who would benefit from antiretroviral therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = coinfection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/8. Dual infection of retina with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus.We examined retinal tissue from eight human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seropositive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or aids-related complex for evidence of dual infection with hiv-1 and cytomegalovirus. culture demonstrated simultaneous infection with hiv-1 and cytomegalovirus in two of 13 retinal specimens. This was confirmed by both immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, coinfection of individual cells with cytomegalovirus and hiv-1 was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Infection of retina with cytomegalovirus or hiv-1 alone occurred in one and six of the 13 retinal specimens, respectively. hiv-1 antigens were present on scattered cells in all layers of the retina and on retinal vascular endothelium. hiv-1 was isolated from retinal tissue derived from eyes both with and without gross ocular lesions. cytomegalovirus antigens were found in all layers of the retina, but not on vascular endothelial cells. The atypically rapid clinical progression of retinitis in one of the patients with dual hiv-1 and cytomegalovirus infection suggests the possibility that interactions between these two viruses may influence retinal disease in patients with AIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = coinfection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/8. alcoholism and rapid progression to AIDS after seroconversion.Rapid progression of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) to AIDS after seroconversion is rare; it has been associated with coinfection by cytomegalovirus or human T lymphotrophic virus type I. We describe an alcoholic patient whose condition progressed to AIDS 3 months after hiv-1 seroconversion occurred. culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells yielded a syncytium-inducing variant of hiv-1. T lymphocytes showed no spontaneous cytotoxic activity against HIV-infected cells, nor could such activity be demonstrated following stimulation with hiv-1 antigen in the presence of recombinant interleukin-2. We hypothesize that our patient's accelerated course was due to alcohol abuse, which may have suppressed T cell function and stimulated HIV replication.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = coinfection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/8. Treatment of babesiosis by red blood cell exchange in an HIV-positive, splenectomized patient.babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease causing subclinical or mild illness in most cases. Splenectomized patients, however, may experience a more severe course. Although generally responsive to antibiotic therapy, several cases of severe babesiosis refractory to appropriate antibiotic therapy have been reported to respond promptly and dramatically to red blood cell (RBC) exchange transfusion. Although the role of HIV coinfection in babesiosis is uncertain, two previously reported cases raise a concern that it may predispose to a more severe clinical course. We report a third case of severe babesiosis in an HIV-positive splenectomized man, following travel to an endemic area. Antibiotic therapy, though initially effective, ultimately failed to prevent severe disease. RBC exchange transfusion resulted in prompt clinical improvement, which has been sustained during 26 months of follow-up. Although the patient has since developed various sequelae of HIV infection, including disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma, CMV retinitis, and enteritis, there has been no recurrence of observable parasitemia. In severe babesiosis, RBC exchange transfusion, combined with appropriate antibiotic therapy, appears to be a rapidly effective therapeutic modality which can induce sustained remissions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = coinfection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/8. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis c virus in human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected mother: a case report.We report a case of vertical transmission of HCV in a mother infected with both HCV and HIV. Our case suggests that coinfection with HIV, by causing an immune dysfunction, might be one of the risk factors for the transmission of HCV.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = coinfection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/8. Digestive leishmaniasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a light and electron microscopic study of two cases.An increased incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is observed in areas in which both infectious diseases are endemic. Intensive worldwide traveling has also resulted recently in an increasing number of leishmanial and HIV coinfections in nonendemic areas. We describe the clinical, light microscopic, and ultrastructural features of two cases of imported, HIV-related, visceral leishmaniasis involving the alimentary tract, including the esophagus, the stomach, the duodenum, the ileum, the colon, and the rectum. We also discuss the differentiation of leishmanial infections from other HIV-related gastrointestinal opportunistic infections.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = coinfection (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/8. Mixed candida glabrata and candida albicans disseminated candidiasis in a heroin addict.The case of a white-heroin addict who developed disseminated candidiasis following coinfection by candida glabrata and candida albicans is reported. Genomic random amplified polymorphic dna typing suggested that the candida glabrata blood isolates originated in the oral cavity of the patient. This case strengthens the evidence that Candida species other than candida albicans can be involved in the pathogenesis of disseminated candidiasis in heroin addicts.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = coinfection (Clic here for more details about this article) |