11/20. The scale of myocardial involvement in varicella myocarditis.Two patients with varicella myocarditis are described. An arrhythmia associated with complete recovery occurred in the first patient whereas intractable congestive heart failure complicated by hemiplegia resulted in a fatal outcome in the other case. We stress the extent of myocardial involvement produced by the herpes zoster virus in the setting of varicella.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/20. herpes zoster ophthalmicus and granulomatous angiitis. An ill-appreciated cause of stroke.The syndrome of granulomatous angiitis related to varicella zoster virus infection often manifests as herpes zoster ophthalmicus followed by contralateral hemiplegia. Forty-five cases have been reported to date, and the authors' experience with two additional cases seen in a one-year period is described. Given the frequency of both stroke and herpes zoster ophthalmicus in an aging population, the authors postulate that granulomatous angiitis is underdiagnosed. There is need for increased awareness of this disease by the non-neurologist. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations are reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/20. Infantile herpes zoster ophthalmicus and acute hemiparesis following intrauterine chickenpox.A 17-month-old boy developed herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and delayed contralateral hemiparesis following intrauterine varicella exposure. CT demonstrated multiple areas of hypodensity in the left basal ganglia, and angiography showed occlusion of left lenticulostriate arteries. As in most adults with HZO and delayed hemiparesis, this infant had a self-limiting course with excellent recovery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 17.914124772095keywords = chickenpox, varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/20. chickenpox with delayed contralateral hemiparesis caused by cerebral angiitis.chickenpox and herpes zoster ophthalmicus are caused by the same virus. herpes zoster ophthalmicus can be followed by contralateral hemiparesis, which is thought to be caused by spread of varicella-zoster virus to blood vessels contiguous to the trigeminal nerve and its branches. We report what we believe to be the first case of a patient with chickenpox followed by hemiparesis in whom there was angiographic evidence of an associated vasculitis similar to that found with herpes zoster ophthalmicus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.6035311930237keywords = chickenpox, varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/20. herpes zoster ophthalmicus with contralateral hemiparesis. A case report and review of the literature.An 80-year-old man developed right herpes zoster ophthalmicus complicated by contralateral hemiparesis after right cataract extraction. Although herpes zoster ophthalmicus is a frequent occurrence among the elderly, the association with contralateral hemiparesis is probably overlooked by many ophthalmologists. A review of the literature has been made to outline the etiology of this problem and to make diagnosis more likely. The varicella virus probably spreads in a retrograde fashion from the gasserian ganglion toward the cavernous sinus to involve cranial nerves 3, 4, or 6. Involvement of the ipsilateral carotid arterial system by the progressive inflammatory reaction can result in the contralateral hemiparesis. Standard therapy includes topical steroids and topical antibiotics for the ocular and surface lesions. The efficacy of systemic steroids to minimize the hemiparesis is still in question.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/20. herpes zoster ophthalmicus and delayed contralateral hemiparesis caused by cerebral angiitis: diagnosis and management approaches.Four patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus and delayed contralateral hemiparesis are described, and their findings are compared with those in patients previously reported in the English language literature. The current patients evidenced multifocal ipsilateral cerebral angiitis by angiography and multifocal infarcts in the distribution of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery by computed tomographic scanning. cerebrospinal fluid showed mononuclear pleocytosis, positive oligoclonal bands, and an elevated immunoglobulin g index. Two patients were treated with corticosteroids and acyclovir, and 1 with corticosteroids alone, all without apparent response. Necrotizing angiitis ipsilateral to the herpes zoster ophthalmicus was demonstrated postmortem in 1 patient with multifocal cerebral infarction and progressive leukoencephalopathy. Neither herpes varicella zoster immunocytochemical reactivity nor viral inclusions were seen. The leukoencephalopathy associated with herpes varicella zoster either may be caused by cerebral angiitis or, as previously reported, may be a temporally remote manifestation of persistent herpes varicella zoster infection. The cerebral angiitis associated with herpes varicella zoster is histologically similar to granulomatous angiitis, and both may be related to herpes varicella zoster infection of the cerebral vasculature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/20. Postvaricella basal ganglia infarction in children.Two patients presented with acute neurologic deficits attributable to contralateral basal ganglia infarction 1 to 3 months after episodes of chickenpox. Both presented with hemiparesis with one patient also demonstrating ipsilateral choreoathetosis. In both patients MR revealed unilateral basal ganglia infarction. cerebral angiography findings in one patient were normal; in the second, there was unilateral narrowing of the common carotid artery and of proximal branches of the anterior and middle cerebral artery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.1035311930237keywords = chickenpox, varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/20. Mechanisms of ischaemic stroke after chickenpox.Ischaemic stroke is a recognized complication of chickenpox. Seven cases of ischaemic stroke in children after recent varicella infection are discussed in detail to emphasise that there are several mechanisms by which this may arise.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 22.350989298452keywords = chickenpox, varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/20. Acute childhood hemiplegia associated with chickenpox.Although primary varicella-associated central nervous system complications and herpes zoster ophthalmicus with delayed hemiplegia are well known, and chickenpox is a common infection, cerebral vasculopathy associated with chickenpox has only been described recently. We report the case of an 18-month-old girl who developed a right hemiplegia 10 days after the onset of a primary varicella infection. She has the shortest latent interval in the literature. Cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggest an infarction involving the left putamen and internal capsule. magnetic resonance angiography is normal. Possible causes of acute infantile hemiplegia are excluded. Neurologic signs gradually improve without any specific treatment. A review of the literature is also presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 26.954520491475keywords = chickenpox, varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/20. cerebral infarction associated with vasculitis due to varicella zoster virus in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.Cases of herpes zoster ophtalmicus (HZO) with delayed contralateral hemiparesis caused by hemispheric stroke secondary to granulomatous angiitis have been reported and are a well-recognized complication of herpes zoster. Similar cases have been reported more recently during infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). We describe two hiv patients without any clinical history of zoster dermatitis who developed a sudden hemiparesis followed 2 weeks later for one by an acute retinal necrosis. Computerized tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed and showed a hemispheric stroke with evidence of a segmental arteritis of the carotid syphon. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) was found in the cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) in the two patients and after puncture of the vitreous fluid of the patient with the acute retinal necrosis. These two cases exemplify the difficulty of diagnosis of stroke in hiv patients, which seems to be more frequent than in similarly aged non-infected patients and demonstrates that VZV needs to be taken in consideration and identified even without any past history of zoster dermatitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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