1/8. Intrauterine exposure to clomiphene and neonatal persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.A 4-year-and-10-month-old girl was diagnosed shortly after birth with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV). Her mother took clomiphene 100 mg daily for approximately 4 weeks and discontinued the drug once she had a positive pregnancy test. The exact time of gestation was not clear. clomiphene is an estrogen antagonist effective in the treatment of anovulation. Various ocular side effects have been described in women taking the drug, including decreased vision, mydriasis, flashing lights, central scotoma, photophobia, diplopia, allergic reactions, retinal vasospasms, detachment posterior vitreous, and possibly posterior subcapsular cataracts. These occur in 1.5-10% of patients taking clomiphene. The potential effects of clomiphene on the fetus have been investigated in five animal studies. Cataracts were observed in fetal mice and rats, but not in monkeys. In humans, a case of congenital retinal aplasia was described. The possibility of clomiphene-induced congenital PHPV should be considered, especially in pregnant women who are taking a high and prolonged dose.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = animal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/8. Hepatic lesions in patients treated with synthetic anabolic steriods.Hepatic abnormalities are described in three patients who received synthetic anabolic steroids. A child with Franconi's anaemia was treated for four years and at necropsy the liver showed generalized hyperplasia, hyperplastic nodules, and a benign hepatoma. Two adults received only three months' therapy with synthetic androgens; in one there was generalized hepatic hyperplasia and in the other widespread nodular hyperplasia. It is suggested that anabolic steroids may induce tumours through intermediate hyperplastic lesions, a sequence similar to that seen during tumour induction by carcinogens in experimental animals.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = animal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/8. Early ductal lesions of pancreatic carcinogenesis in animals and humans.Two cases of human early pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma were presented, and ductal lesions observed histologically were compared to those induced in hamsters using a rapid-production model of pancreatic carcinoma. In human cases, direct histologic evidence was obtained to suggest that cancerous changes arose from duct epithelial cell hyperplasia, because lesions of hyperplasia and carcinoma coexisted in continuity. In hamster serial-killing studies, it was suggested that carcinoma developed through atypical ductal hyperplasia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = animal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/8. breast cancer in a patient with prolactinoma.Although the role of prolactin in the initiation and promotion of mammary carcinoma has been proved in animal experiments, a similar effect of hormone in the development of human mammary tumor has not been clearly demonstrated. If hyperprolactinemia is a significant factor in the initiation and promotion of human breast carcinoma, the incidence of mammary carcinoma in patients with hyperprolactinemia, with or without prolactinomas, might be higher than in control populations, but this relationship has never been documented. We present this case to stimulate awareness of the possibility so the condition will be investigated further.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = animal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/8. Polypoid and papillary epithelial hyperplasia: a potential cause of ductal obstruction in adult polycystic disease.In experimental models of cystic renal disease, functional studies define conditions that suggest increased resistance to outflow from dilated or cystic nephrons. Morphologically, models exhibit foci of cellular hyperplasia and micropolyp formation along outer medullary collecting tubules. Temporally, cellular proliferation precedes cyst formation. These findings in models have led to a hypothesis that polypoid hyperplasia participates in cyst formation in susceptible kidneys by increasing resistance to the outflow of tubular urine. The present study was undertaken to establish the presence, extent, and distribution of cellular hyperplasia in human adult polycystic kidney disease. Kidneys from four unrelated individuals were studied by light and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Foci of hocation of hyperplasia along the nephron were similar to those seen in the models. These findings delineate a heretofore unappreciated morphologic similarity between the models and human disease and add further support to the hypothesis that partial rubular obstruction participates in the pathogenesis of renal cystic disease, whether it be heritable or acquired, in animals and in man.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = animal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/8. adenoma with multiple hyperplastic nodules in noncirrhotic liver possibly related to long-term administration of a hypolipidemic drug.Described here is an autopsy case of a 76-year-old woman with preneoplastic and other adenomatous hepatocellular lesions. Multiple small hyperplastic liver foci with PAS positive reaction and adenomatous nodular lesions were noted in a non-cirrhotic liver. These lesions resembled altered foci or neoplastic nodules which are currently regarded as premalignant changes in experimental animal models. It is suggested that the liver lesions of this woman may be related to long-term administration of hypolipidemic drug clofibrate for hypercholesteremia and the lesions could be one of the precursor changes of human hepatocellular carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = animal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/8. hyperparathyroidism after radioactive iodine therapy for graves disease.The association of external ionizing radiation to the head and neck and the subsequent development of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands has been documented in recent years. This also has been demonstrated experimentally in animals. Despite the numbers of patients with graves disease who have been treated with radioactive iodine, there are no reports in the literature of parathyroid surgery for hyperparathyroidism secondary to earlier treatment with radioactive iodine for graves disease. This report describes the operative and pathologic findings in four patients with hyperparathyroidism. These patients had previously been treated with radioactive iodine for graves disease. The pathologic findings at surgery included in three cases a single enlarged hyperplastic gland consistent with a parathyroid adenoma. One patient had hyperplasia of all four glands. The two largest glands and halves of the two remaining glands were removed. In a long-term follow-up of children and adolescents treated with radioactive iodine for graves disease, Levy and Schumacher found calcium elevations in 10 of 159 patients. The increased incidence of hyperparathyroidism following radioactive iodine treatment for graves disease in children and adolescents would seem several times higher than normal. Whether adults who have radioactive iodine treatment for graves disease have a similar increase incidence is not known. Meanwhile it would seem reasonable to suggest that patients whose hyperthyroidism is treated with radioactive iodine should have their serum calcium levels determined at 5-year intervals.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = animal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/8. Visual failure during replacement therapy in primary hypothyroidism with pituitary enlargement.A 34-year-old woman with longstanding untreated thyroprivic hypothyroidism and pituitary enlargement is reported here in whom visual failure coincided with thyroid hormone replacement. visual fields were normal after 30 years untreated hypothyroidism, but severe concentric field constriction developed during the first 6 months of therapy and was relieved by hypophysectomy. plasma TSH and prolactin remained elevated during 10 months replacement therapy, but both were suppressed by preoperative hyperreplacement with T3 and T4. The paradoxical pressure symptoms suggest imbalance between pituitary TSH content and TSH release during treatment with thyroid hormone; a finding previously reported in animal studies. This sequence suggests that patients with known pituitary enlargement secondary to thyroid hypofunction should be observed for pressure symptoms during thyroid hormone treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = animal (Clic here for more details about this article) |