1/55. Virus-cell interaction in oligodendroglia, astroglia and phagocyte in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. An electron microscopic study.A 46-year-old female, with an 11 year history of malignant lymphoreticular disease, developed a neurological illness clinically manifested by a focal mass lesion in the left frontal lobe. In biopsied tissue, immunofluorescence study revealed the presence of JC antigen in the glial cells. Histologically, the lesion was characteristic of PML consisting of PML consisting of focal necrosis in the subcortical white matter, numerous fat laden macrophages and marked hypertrophy of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. By electron microscopy, hypertrophic astrocytes contained intranuclear viral particles consistent with papova virions and aggregates of intracytoplasmic viral particles consisting of a single to several virions tightly surrounded by a single membrane. The membrane appeared to have been derived from that of the cellular vesicles. Fusion of the virus-associated membrane to the astroglial plasmalemma occurred when the virions appeared to shift towards extracellular space. The virioncontaining astrocytes showed cytoplasmic "fibrillar hypertrophy" similar to the characteristic gigantic astroglias of PML. This fact would provide an additional evidence that these gigantic cells, although lacking identifiable viral structures, were the result of anaplastic transformation by jc virus. Many virus-bearing astroglias were noted to be in the early stage of cellular necrosis, of "edematous degeneration". This further indicates that the jc virus is capable of inducing both lytic and abortive astroglial infections. Many oligodendroglias were hypertrophic due to the presence of intranuclear viral particles and markedly increased numbers of microtubules and free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Membrane-bound intracytoplasmic viral particles were also noted in the oligodendroglias. Some fat laden macrophages contained large intracytoplasmic viral bodies, presumably originating from phagocytized virus-bearing cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = fat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/55. Squamous cell carcinoma and lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas.A 68-year-old woman who had been treated for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for the past 20 years was admitted to hospital because of abdominal pain and weight loss. Radiological investigation revealed a tumour in the body of the pancreas and numerous intraductal calcifications in both the tail and the head of the pancreas. Left-sided pancreatectomy was performed to remove the tumour. The resection specimen showed fatty enlargement of the parenchyma and numerous intraductal calcifications in the tissue adjacent to the tumour, which was 7 cm in diameter and was found to be a primary squamous cell carcinoma with a spindle cell component. There was also lipomatous pseudohypertrophy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = fat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/55. Excessive nodular hyperplasia of brunner glands associated with gastric hypersecretion and lipomatous atrophy of the pancreas.The case of a 34-year-old woman complaining of diarrhoea and abdominal pain is presented. Contrast radiography and endoscopy showed multiple polypoid tumours in the second part of the duodenum. Moreover, a severe fatty infiltration of the pancreas was shown by magnetic resonance and computed tomography scans. Due to pain, pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple operation) was performed, and subsequent histopathologic examinations showed excessive Brunner gland hyperplasia of the duodenum and severe lipomatous atrophy of the pancreas. The occurrence of these two rare conditions in one patient has not been described previously, and it is conceivable that the lipomatous atrophy and exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas may have caused a compensatory stimulation of the submucosal structures of the duodenum.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = fat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/55. Hemimasticatory spasm associated with localized scleroderma and facial hemiatrophy.OBJECTIVES: To report a case and discuss the mechanism of hemimasticatory spasm. DESIGN: Case report. PATIENT: A 37-year-old woman had a 3-year history of involuntary spasms of the right masseter muscle in association with localized scleroderma and facial hemiatrophy. Electrophysiological studies revealed a normal blink reflex. However, the masseter reflex and silent period were absent on the affected side. Distal latency and compound muscle action potential of the masseter nerve were normal. Needle electromyography demonstrated irregular bursts of motor unit potentials similar to those described in hemifacial spasm. A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the head showed mild hypertrophy of the masseter muscle and atrophy of subcutaneous fatty tissues on the affected side. Local injection of botulinum toxin A into the masseter muscle resolved the patient's symptoms. CONCLUSION: On the basis of clinical and electrophysiological findings, focal demyelination of motor branches of the trigeminal nerve owing to deep tissue changes is suggested as the cause of abnormal excitatory electrical activities resulting in involuntary masticatory movement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = fat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/55. Muscle hypertrophy due to scarring of the S1 nerve root.Segmental muscle enlargement occurs in a variety of neurogenic conditions. We present a patient with calf hypertrophy, likely produced by continuous neuromuscular irritability and compensatory type 1 and type 2 muscle fiber hypertrophy. The underlying lesion of the S1 nerve root was caused by scarring, which could be demonstrated by Gadolinum enhanced, fat saturated magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, the application of this technique is recommended in otherwise etiologically unclear cases of neurogenic muscular lesions in order to detect chronic nerve root pathology.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = fat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/55. Fat hypertrophy after autologous fat transfer.PURPOSE: To describe fat graft hypertrophy after autologous fat transfer. methods: Case report. RESULTS: Noticeable hypertrophy of autologous fat grafts at approximately 10-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This case report demonstrates the unpredictable nature of autologous fat grafting. Clinicians should be aware of this potential complication of fat hypertrophy after autologous fat grafting.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = fat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/55. maintenance of breast size reduction after mastoplasty and switch to a protease inhibitor-sparing regimen in an hiv-positive woman with highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated massive breast enlargement.Fat distribution disorders are among the most frequent side effects of antiretroviral treatment. The pathophysiologic mechanism(s) for these events remains unclear, and a casual link to a specific drug or class of drugs is uncertain. The physical changes associated with the lipodystrophy syndrome can be divided into three major types: lipoatrophy or fat wasting; lipohypertrophy or fat accumulation; and mixed forms with atrophy and hypertrophy coexisting in different body regions. Fat accumulation can occur in one or more of several areas including dorsal-cervical and abdominal regions and breasts. Withdrawal of antiretroviral therapy does not seem to influence the stabilized lesions significantly, and no one of the therapeutic strategies adopted so far was capable to achieve substantial improvements. Here we describe the successful and lasting treatment of a massive and movement/posture-hampering breast hypertrophy with reductive mastoplasty.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = fat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/55. Hoffman's syndrome: muscle stiffness, pseudohypertrophy and hypothyroidism.Primary hypothyroidism is a chronic and insidious disease caused by failure of thyroid hormone production. We observed a 38-year-old woman admitted to our hospital due to progressive proximal weakness, muscle pain and fatigue during mild exercise. Laboratory tests showed features of rhabdomyolysis and hypothyroidism. After examination of the thyroid, we reached a diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and hypothyroid myopathy. hypothyroidism should be considered as a differential diagnosis of creatine kinase elevation; actually, neuromuscular symptoms and signs occur in most newly diagnosed patients with thyroid diseases. hypothyroidism presenting as muscle stiffness and pseudohypertrophy is called 'Hoffman's syndrome'.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = fat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/55. Marble impaction in the nasopharynx following oral ingestion.Foreign body ingestion is an important emergency occurring in childhood. In this article, we report the case of a 5-year-old girl with marble impaction in the nasopharynx, which had not been discovered by routine x-rays of the chest and abdomen at the time of ingestion. The patient presented 4 months after the event with typical symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy and sinusitis, and the diagnosis was established on the basis of a plain film of the nasopharynx. This rare situation is potentially dangerous, since the foreign body may descend and cause sudden airway obstruction. Therefore, in all cases with vanishing foreign bodies in the aerodigestive system, nasopharyngeal impaction and its fatal consequences should be kept in mind and endoscopic examination of the region should be considered.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = fat (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/55. lipoblastoma-lipoblastomatosis associated with unilateral limb hypertrophy: a case report in a newborn.lipoblastoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor of embryonic adipose tissue, uncommon in infancy. Multicentricity, absence of a capsule and histopathology best defines a lipoblastoma. Synonyms for this lesion are embryonic lipoma, fetal lipoma, lipoblastic tumor, and congenital lipomatoid tumor. lipoblastoma is more common in males (approximately 80%), is usually located in the subcutaneous soft tissue (benign lipoblastoma) or in the deep interstitium (benign lipoblastomatosis), or sometimes in all corporeal segments. Primary treatment is complete excision. Relapse is between 14-25%, many of which are more "mature," and difficult to differentiate from lipoma. The differential diagnosis includes liposarcoma, which is rare under ten years. Radical excision in children is recommended with relapses, especially with lipoblastomatosis. Chromosomal markers help discriminate between liposarcoma and lipoblastoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9.4904919545043keywords = adipose (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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