1/6. Human infection by a swine influenza A (H1N1) virus in switzerland.The isolation of A/switzerland/8808/2002 provides further evidence of sporadic human infection by contemporary swine influenza A H1N1 viruses, antigenically and genetically distinct from H1N1 viruses circulating in the human population. Together with the recent emergence of human-swine-avian reassortant viruses in pig populations in europe and north america, frequent transmission between swine and human populations emphasises the potential for the emergence in pigs of novel subtypes with the capacity to cause major human epidemics.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = swine (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. swine influenza virus infections. Transmission from ill pigs to humans at a wisconsin agricultural fair and subsequent probable person-to-person transmission.In September 1988, a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman was hospitalized for pneumonia and died 8 days later. The only pathogen detected was an influenza virus antigenically related to the swine influenza virus (SIV). Four days before illness onset, the patient visited a county fair swine exhibition where there was widespread influenzalike illness among the swine. To detect other persons who were possibly infected by contact with the ill swine, we measured serum SIV hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer in 25 swine exhibitors who were 9 to 19 years old. Nineteen (76%) had SIV hemagglutination-inhibition titers of 20 or greater. Antibody was undetectable in serum samples from 25 swine exhibitors from a neighboring county. Additional studies suggest that one to three health care personnel who had contact with the patient developed influenzalike illnesses with laboratory evidence of SIV infection. An outbreak of apparent SIV infection in swine resulted in multiple human infections, and, although no recognized community outbreak resulted, there was evidence of virus transmission from the patient to health care personnel.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = swine (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. Laboratory characterization of a swine influenza virus isolated from a fatal case of human influenza.A swine influenza virus-like type A (H1N1) virus, designated A/wisconsin/3523/88, was isolated in September 1988 from a wisconsin woman who had died with primary viral pneumonia. Antigenic analyses with hemagglutinin-specific monoclonal antibodies and postinfection ferret serum indicated that the hemagglutinin of A/wisconsin/3523/88 was antigenically closely related to viruses currently circulating in swine. Genetic analysis of the A/wisconsin/3523/88 virus by rna fingerprinting and partial rna sequence analysis of seven of the eight segments indicated that the genome of the human isolate was similar to that of enzootic swine viruses. These laboratory data supported the epidemiologic findings that this human infection occurred by transmission of an enzootic swine influenza virus and that the virus showed no major genetic changes potentially related to increased pathogenesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1428571428571keywords = swine (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. An influenza A (H1N1) virus, closely related to swine influenza virus, responsible for a fatal case of human influenza.In July 1991, an influenza a virus, designated A/maryland/12/91 (A/MD), was isolated from the bronchial secretions of a 27-year-old animal caretaker. He had been admitted to the hospital with bilateral pneumonia and died of acute respiratory distress syndrome 13 days later. Antigenic analyses with postinfection ferret antisera and monoclonal antibodies to recent H1 swine hemagglutinins indicated that the hemagglutinin of this virus was antigenically related to, but distinguishable from, those of other influenza A (H1N1) viruses currently circulating in swine. Oligonucleotide mapping of total viral RNAs revealed differences between A/MD and other contemporary swine viruses. However, partial sequencing of each rna segment of A/MD demonstrated that all segments were related to those of currently circulating swine viruses. sequence analysis of the entire hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, and matrix genes of A/MD revealed a high level of identity with other contemporary swine viruses. Our studies on A/MD emphasize that H1N1 viruses in pigs obviously continue to cross species barriers and infect humans.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2857142857143keywords = swine (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. Transmission of swine influenza virus to humans after exposure to experimentally infected pigs.Two people developed symptoms of influenza 36 h after collecting nasal swabs from pigs experimentally infected with A/Sw/IN/1726/88 (Sw/IN). Pharyngeal swabs from these persons tested positive for influenza virus rna 8 days after infection. Analysis of hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products indicated that the hemagglutinin (HA) segments of the isolates were genetically related to the HA of Sw/IN. Four influenza a virus isolates (A/WI/4754/94, A/WI/4756/94, A/WI/4758/94, A/WI/4760/94) were recovered from a 39-year-old man and 2 (A/WI/4755/94, A/WI/4757/94) from a 31-year-old woman. The HAs of the isolates were antigenically indistinguishable from the virus used to infect the pigs. sequence analysis of the HA genes indicated they were 99.7% identical to the HA of the virus used in the experiment. Multisegment reverse transcription-PCR proved that all of the segments originated from Sw/IN, demonstrating that transmission of swine H1N1 viruses to humans occurs directly and readily, despite Animal Biosafety Level 3 containment practices used for these experiments.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.71428571428571keywords = swine (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. Fatal case of swine influenza virus in an immunocompetent host.swine influenza virus (SIV), a common zoonotic infection, affects swine, particularly during late autumn and winter. Transmission of SIV from pigs to humans has been reported occasionally; most cases are mild infections and rarely lead to death. Herein we describe an immunocompetent woman in whom the adult respiratory distress syndrome developed; she died of a fulminant course of swine influenza. The documented pathogen was the H1N1 strain of SIV. To our knowledge, only four other deaths in immunocompetent adults have been previously reported in the literature. Our patient had a hemophagocytic syndrome, which may have contributed to her death.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.85714285714286keywords = swine (Clic here for more details about this article) |