1/9. Body communication as compensation for speech in a Wernicke's aphasic--a longitudinal study.This case study describes a Wernicke's aphasic who had spontaneously developed a communication pattern involving a large portion of body communication to convey factual information. The study is longitudinal and compares the development of body communication and speech (here: the use of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and pronouns) during the 18-month period of rehabilitation. There is a clear development, showing an increased use of nouns, verbs, and adjectives and a decreased use of body communication to convey factual information. This is taken to show that compensatory body communication for factual information can be used by Wernicke's aphasics, something that is easily obscured by the finding often reported that most aphasics tend to show body communication patterns that are in accordance with their speech patterns. The role of pronouns and gestures for turnkeeping at an intermediate stage, when the patient is shifting from gestures to words for factual content, is also discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Pure word deafness with possible transfer of language dominance.A 55-year-old, right-handed male patient with a past history of a stroke followed by a difficulty of speech and hearing fell and manifested a left hemiplegia. He could neither comprehend spoken language and melody nor repeat them, though he spoke with paraphasia and understood written language and nonverbal sound. An electroencephalogram, pneumoencephalogram and cerebral angiogram suggested the existence of old infarcts in the left temporal lobe and a probable new one in the right cerebrum. A diagnosis of this case was made as pure word deafness which might be caused by a reimpairment of the language function possibly transferred to the nondominant, right hemisphere following the early stroke.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Broca aphasia: pathologic and clinical.The speech disturbance resulting from infarction limited to the Broca area has been delineated; it differs from the speech disorder called Broca aphasia, which results from damage extending far outside the Broca area. Nor does Broca area infarction cause Broca aphasia. The lesions in 20 cases observed since 1972 were documented by autopsy, computerized tomography, or arteriogram; the autopsy records from the massachusetts General hospital for the past 20 years and the published cases since 1820 were also reviewed. The findings suggest that infarction affecting the Broca area and its immediate environs, even deep into the brain, causes a mutism that is replaced by rapidly improving dyspraxic and effortful articulation, but that no significant distrubance in language function persists. The more complex syndrome traditionally referred to as Broca aphasia, including Broca's original case, is characterized by protracted mutism, verbal stereotypes, and agrammatism. It is associated with a considerably larger infarct which encompasses the operculum, including the Broca area, insula, and adjacent cerebrum, in the territory supplied by the upper division of the left middle cerebral artery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Traumatic aneurysm of the intrathoracic left carotid artery with cerebral embolization.The presentation and management of a young male patient with a traumatic aneurysm of the intrathoracic portion of the left common carotid artery from a football injury, complicated by cerebral embolization, is detailed. At operation 6 weeks afterward the aneurysm was isolated and ligated and the patient was discharged 19 days postoperation with plans for physical and speech rehabilitation. At 14 months a chronic subdural hematoma which caused some seizures was removed, and the patient's neurologic status is continuing to improve. This appears to be the first report of an isolated blunt injury to this branch of the aortic arch.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. Are names difficult to recall because they are unique? A case study of a patient with anomia.According to Burton and Bruce (1992), names are more difficult to recall than biographical information about people, such as their occupation, because names are unique or highly distinctive. It follows from this that anomic patients who have great difficulty in recalling names should also find it difficult to recall other information that is unique to a particular individual. This paper attempts to evaluate this claim by examining the case of NP, a patient who has severe anomic word-finding difficulties following the rupture and repair of a posterior cerebral artery aneurysm. NP's ability to recall biographical information about people that she cannot name was investigated in a series of experiments. These revealed that she can answer specific questions about the occupations and appearance of well-known people and can recall distinctive meaningful information about them such as the identity of their spouse, even though she is unable to recall their name. It is argued that these results support the view that names are represented in a store separate from that for semantic information about people that we know. The findings are therefore consistent with the sequential stage model of face identification put forward by Bruce and Young (1986) and are explained in terms of the theory of speech production put forward by Levelt (1989).- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. Embolic stroke by compression maneuver during transcranial Doppler sonography.BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Embolic complications during ultrasound examinations are a rare cause of neurological deficits. The present case documents the occurrence of embolism by a nonobstructive compression maneuver during transcranial Doppler examination, resulting in a minor stroke. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 63-year-old man suffered from recurrent transient ischemic attacks. Duplex sonography showed a small echogenic plaque at the right carotid bifurcation. During transcranial Doppler studies with a reverberating compression maneuver of the right common carotid artery low in the neck, multiple emboli signals were detected, and the patient developed a left-sided hemiparesis with slurred speech. Funduscopy revealed cholesterol emboli in the inferior temporal arteriole of the right eye. These findings suggested embolization as the cause of the stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Compression maneuvers should not be performed in patients with recent neurological symptoms, even in the case of only small lesions in the extracranial carotid territory.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. Perioperative stroke in patients undergoing head and neck surgery.The risk of perioperative strokes has been demonstrated to be very low in general surgical procedures, and somewhat higher in cardiac and carotid artery procedures. We describe 5 patients who underwent major head and neck procedures not requiring carotid ligation and who postoperatively suffered strokes. These occurred between the first and ninth postoperative days. Four of the patients were thought to have had emboli, 3 to the cerebral hemispheres (2 ipsilateral and 1 contralateral to the neck dissections), and another to the lower brain stem. Hypoperfusion was thought to have caused the stroke in the fifth patient. All patients had risk factors for stroke. The cases in our series were difficult to diagnose because of the delayed onset and subtle nature of symptoms, as well as masking of speech and communication due to the operative involved. Thrombogenesis within the internal carotid and vertebral artery systems due to patient positioning and intraoperative cervical manipulation may be an important etiologic factor in this form of stroke.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. bromocriptine and postpartum cerebral angiopathy: a causal relationship?We describe a postpartum 30-year-old woman who developed headaches, hypertension, and speech disturbances after bromocriptine treatment to suppress lactation. Brain MRI revealed intraparenchymal hematomas, and an angiographic study showed multiple arterial segmental narrowings compatible with postpartum cerebral angiopathy. We also comment on other cases of postpartum cerebral angiopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. Cerebellar mutism after basilar artery occlusion--case report.A 30-year-old female became comatose due to embolic occlusion of the basilar artery, caused by surgical injury to the origin of the vertebral artery during removal of a neurinoma in the upper thoracic paravertebral region. The basilar artery occlusion was treated by local fibrinolysis through a microcatheter. Two weeks later she recovered her consciousness but suffered mutism. Her speech disturbance was characterized by severe ataxic dysarthria known as "cerebellar mutism" but without cranial nerve paresis. The mutism gradually improved during the following 3 months. This is case of cerebellar mutism was apparently due to ischemic stroke. Disturbance by hypoperfusion of the cerebellum and brain stem may have been involved in the pathogenesis of cerebellar mutism.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |