1/11. First confirmed case of a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium with vanA phenotype from brazil: isolation from a meningitis case in Sao Paulo.The importance of enterococci as a nosocomial etiologic agent is well documented; however, enterococci are also capable of causing a variety of community-acquired infections. vancomycin resistance in a clinical Enterococcus isolate was first reported in 1986, and since then vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have been reported world-wide. This report describes a case of E. faecium with the VanA phenotype, isolated from meningitis in Sao Paulo, brazil. Two E. faecium strains were isolated. One strain showed VanA phenotype, and the molecular characterization of the VanA gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The other strain was susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The authors would like to call the attention of the scientific community to this first identification of a VRE case in Sao Paulo, brazil.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = lyme (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/11. Successful treatment by meropenem of campylobacter jejuni meningitis in a chronic alcoholic following neurosurgery.meningitis caused by campylobacter jejuni is rare, we describe a case following neurosurgery for intra-cranial haematoma in a chronic alcoholic patient. Conventional culture of CSF and blood was supplemented by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of campylobacter jejuni.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = lyme (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/11. streptococcus pyogenes meningitis: report of a case and review of the literature.streptococcus pyogenes is a very uncommon cause of bacterial meningitis beyond the neonatal period. A case report and a review of the recent literature is presented. We report on a previously healthy 7-year-old boy who developed S. pyogenes meningitis following a 2-day history of otitis media. A CT scan revealed right-sided mastoiditis as a possible focus of infection. The patient was treated with penicillin g for 14 days. The clinical course was uneventful, and the recovered without sequelae. By means of the polymerase chain reaction, the presence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) B and SPE C, but not SPE A genes was discovered from the bacterial DNA. CONCLUSION: streptococcus pyogenes is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis but has to be considered as the causative pathogen beyond the neonatal period.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = lyme (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/11. Neurological symptoms in patients whose cerebrospinal fluid is culture- and/or polymerase chain reaction-positive for mycoplasma pneumoniae.We describe 13 patients with neurological signs and symptoms associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. M. pneumoniae was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 9 patients: 5 with meningoencephalitis, 2 with meningitis, and 1 with cerebrovascular infarction. One patient had headache and difficulties with concentration and thinking for 1 month after the acute infection. M. pneumoniae was detected, by means of PCR, in the CSF of 4 patients with negative culture results. Two had epileptic seizures, 1 had blurred vision as a consequence of edema of the optic disk, and 1 had peripheral nerve neuropathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = lyme (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/11. Epidemic typhus meningitis in the southwestern united states.A patient residing in new mexico had murine typhus diagnosed. A novel molecular assay was performed at the Centers for disease Control and Prevention, and rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus, was found, rather than R. typhi. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of epidemic typhus confirmed by means of polymerase chain reaction--based testing of cerebrospinal fluid, and it introduces a novel assay for the molecular diagnosis of both epidemic and murine typhus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = lyme (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/11. Fatal meningitis and encephalitis due to bartonella henselae bacteria.Bacterial infection due to bartonella henselae commonly develops in children and young adults following cat/dog contacts and/or cat/dog scratches. Regional lymphadenopathy is its most common clinical expression. However, encephalitis and Parinaud's syndrome (oculoglandular syndrome) have also been reported as has systemic illness. A review of the international literature in all languages revealed no fatal complications in immunocompetent hosts. A four-year-old white child with no underlying illness began to have seizure-like activity. She was taken to a local hospital and subsequently transferred to a medical center. The child was treated aggressively for seizures and fever of unknown origin. However, her condition rapidly declined and she died without a specific diagnosis. At autopsy there was marked cerebral edema with no gross evidence of acute meningitis. Microscopic exams revealed multiple granulomatous lesions as well as a meningitis and encephalitis. A variety of cultures and stains were negative for acid fast and fungal organisms. Warthin-Starry stains of involved tissue including brain and liver revealed pleomorphic rod shaped bacilli consistent with Barronella henselae. Analysis of brain tissue with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot for the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was definitive for DNA of bartonella henselae bacteria.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = lyme (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/11. polymerase chain reaction detection of neisseria meningitidis in the intraocular fluid of a patient with endogenous endophthalmitis but without associated meningitis.PURPOSE: To report a patient with neisseria meningitidis endophthalmitis without associated meningitis with full visual recovery, with early detection of the microorganism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case report. PARTICIPANTS: One patient with endogenous endophthalmitis. methods: polymerase chain reaction analysis and culture of the intraocular fluid sample. polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed with a universal (16S rRNA) primer set to detect bacterial DNA, and subsequently a specific probe was used to detect Neisseria species DNA. RESULTS: The 16S rRNA primers detected bacterial DNA, the specific probe detected Neisseria species DNA, and culture was positive for neisseria meningitidis serotype C. CONCLUSIONS: A universal bacterial PCR can be very helpful for the diagnosis of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis at an early stage of the disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = lyme (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/11. Molecular analysis of multiply recurrent meningitis due to escherichia coli K1 in an infant.Bacterial DNA polymorphism was used to document the occurrence of three separate episodes of meningitis caused by escherichia coli K1 in an infant. The methods employed included determination of the restriction fragment length polymorphism of total DNA and of ribosomal DNA regions as well as dna fingerprinting by the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. By these three genotypic approaches, the three isolates obtained from the infant's cerebrospinal fluid on days 9, 34, and 70, respectively, were found to share the same patterns, which were different from the patterns of control strains. Thus, these three episodes of E. coli K1 meningitis were due to a single strain. DNA-based typing techniques seem extremely promising as tools to be used in unraveling the complex mechanisms of recurrent meningitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = lyme (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/11. Rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by a seminested PCR strategy.A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based diagnostic assay has been developed for the simultaneous detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus agalactiae, listeria monocytogenes and bacteria in general. In the present communication we describe the design of primers for S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, and L. monocytogenes, and a general PCR protocol for the assay. The diagnostic outcome is presented for a small collection of CSF specimens including 2 samples from patients with culture-negative purulent meningitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = lyme (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/11. Detection of bartonella henselae by polymerase chain reaction in brain tissue of an immunocompromised patient with multiple enhancing lesions. Case report and review of the literature.The authors report the first DNA-based diagnosis of bartonella henselae cultured from a brain lesion in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient presented with altered mental status, fever, and diabetes insipidus. magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal parenchymal and leptomeningeal involvement, which was confirmed on studies of tissue biopsy samples. Using the polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing techniques, the authors definitively demonstrated the presence of B. henselae in the brain tissue biopsy specimen.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = lyme (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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