1/36. Anaesthetic considerations in a patient with lepromatous leprosy.PURPOSE: To consider the anaesthetic problems in a patient with lepromatous leprosy undergoing general anaesthesia. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 52 yr old man with lepromatous leprosy for five years was booked for elective radical nephrectomy. He received 100 mg dapsone per day po. The patient was asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease but his electrocardiogram showed complete left bundle branch block, inferior wall ischaemia with echocardiogram findings of 58% ejection fraction and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Other preoperative investigations (haemogram, serum urea and creatinine, liver function tests and chest X-ray) were normal. After premedication with diazepam, meperidine and promethazine, the patient received glycopyrrolate and anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone. atracurium was given to facilitate tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia was maintained with intermittent positive pressure ventilation using N2O in oxygen with halothane. Anaesthesia and surgery were uneventful except that the patient had a fixed heart rate that remained unchanged in response to administration of anticholinergic, laryngoscopy, intubation and extubation. CONCLUSION: patients with lepromatous leprosy may have cardiovascular dysautonomia even when they are asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = dysfunction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/36. Reversible biventricular dysfunction secondary to ischemia in a patient with acute airway obstruction: a case report and review of the literature on reversible causes of acute ventricular dysfunction.Reversible causes of acute myocardial dysfunction are important for clinicians to recognize. Reversible biventricular dysfunction secondary to myocardial ischemia is presented in a patient with acute upper airway obstruction. The differential diagnosis of reversible acute myocardial dysfunction is reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2718.3605183269keywords = ventricular dysfunction, dysfunction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/36. myocardial bridging as a cause of acute transient left heart dysfunction.The significance of myocardial bridging is still a matter of debate, and although several reports have underlined its pathologic potential, myocardial bridging is often considered to be a benign phenomenon. We present here the case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of acute left heart failure and ECG evidence of ischemia, and whose primary abnormality on extensive workup was myocardial bridging. This case further underlines that myocardial bridging can lead to significant cardiac events.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = dysfunction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/36. Cardiogenic shock due to coronary narrowings one day after a MAZE III procedure.A MAZE III procedure was performed on a patient with a small body surface area. On the first postoperative day, the patient developed severe dysfunction of the left ventricle, due to significant narrowings of the right and circumflex coronary arteries in the areas that were cryoablated during the MAZE III procedure. The coronary narrowings were treated by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). At discharge the coronary anatomy was normal again with an almost normal left ventricular function.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = dysfunction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/36. Cardiac damage in pediatric carbon monoxide poisoning.BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disorders including myocardial ischemia and heart failure have been described in both laboratory animals and humans following carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide cardiotoxicity may be clinically occult and often remains undiagnosed because of the lack of overt symptoms and specific ischemic changes in the electrocardiogram. Routine myocardial necrosis markers have low diagnostic efficiency, particularly in patients with concomitant skeletal muscle necrosis or multiple organ failure complicating carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide-induced cardiotoxicity has been investigated rarely in children. CASE REPORT: This paper describes carbon monoxide poisoning in a 12-year-old child who suffered from occult cardiac damage despite mild symptoms and low carboxy hemoglobin concentrations. Myocardial and mitral valve dysfunctions were observed, suggesting an ischemia-like syndrome. Cardiac damage was completely reversible within 1 month. CONCLUSION: This case report supports that a prolonged carbon monoxide exposure can cause cardiac damage in children even in the absence of specific symptoms, cerebral failure and high carboxyhemoglobin concentrations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = dysfunction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/36. Crow-Fukase syndrome with ischemic cardiomyopathy.A 31-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of heart failure symptoms. Crow-Fukase syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of findings of polyneuropathy, hepatomegaly, monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and hypertrichosis. dipyridamole-stress thallium-201 perfusion imaging, contrast left ventriculography, and coronary angiography revealed a markedly dilated and dysfunctioning left ventricle, extensive reversible ischemia with fixed defect, and multiple coronary lesions. Histopathology of myocardial biopsy specimens demonstrated ischemia-induced myocardial necrosis. These findings suggested that ischemic cardiomyopathy, probably due to inflammatory reactions of coronary arteries in Crow-Fukase syndrome, was responsible for the heart failure symptoms and left ventricular dysfunction in this patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 465.48276556097keywords = ventricular dysfunction, left ventricular dysfunction, dysfunction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/36. Stenting to reverse left ventricular ischemia due to left main coronary artery compression in primary pulmonary hypertension.Angina is a common symptom of severe pulmonary hypertension. Although many theories for the source of this pain have been proposed, right ventricular ischemia is the one most commonly accepted as the cause. We report on two patients with primary pulmonary hypertension who had angina with normal activity or on provocation. One patient had severe left ventricular dysfunction. Both were found to have severe ostial stenosis of the left main coronary artery as a result of compression from a dilated pulmonary artery. Both patients underwent stenting of the left main coronary artery with excellent angiographic results, and complete resolution of the signs and symptoms of angina and left ventricular ischemia. Left ventricular ischemia due to compression of the left main coronary artery may be a much more common mechanism of angina and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with pulmonary hypertension than previously acknowledged. Stenting of the coronary artery can be done safely with the resolution of these symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 928.96553112193keywords = ventricular dysfunction, left ventricular dysfunction, dysfunction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/36. Posterior non-ischemic left ventricular aneurysm. Report of 2 surgical cases.Posterior non-ischemic left ventricular aneurysms are unusual aneurysms of different etiology that develop adjacent to the mitral valve annulus causing mitral regurgitation and progressive heart failure. Surgical correction is mandatory and involves repair of the aneurysm along with repair or replacement of the mitral valve. Two cases of posterior non-ischemic left ventricular aneurysms are reported. Both patients were females (19 and 9 years old) and they presented with symptoms of progressive heart failure. Definite diagnosis was made with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and confirmed with left ventriculography. Both patients were successfully treated by surgery. The first patient underwent repair of the aneurysm from inside the left ventricle and mitral valve replacement. The second patient had resection of the aneurysm through an extracardiac route. Both patients are in NYHA class 1, 5 and 4 years respectively after their operation with no evidence of mitral valve dysfunction. Posterior non-ischemic left ventricular aneurysms can securely be diagnosed by TEE and angiocardiography. Surgical treatment is mandatory in order to forestall potential life threatening cardiovascular events and should be tailored to the operative findings.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = dysfunction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/36. myocardial infarction and transient ventricular dysfunction in an adolescent with sickle cell disease.We report a case of an adolescent who had sickle cell disease and previous evidence of myocardial damage and presented with abdominal pain and rapid progression to cardiogenic shock and subsequent development of myocardial infarction. To our knowledge, this represents only the second report of a case of acute myocardial ischemia and subsequent infarction resulting transient ventricular dysfunction reported in a child with sickle cell disease successfully treated with exchange transfusion. The pathophysiology of this complication remains unclear, and cardiac complications may remain undetected as lung, bone, and brain infarcts are more common and the pain associated with sickle cell crisis may mask the ischemic symptoms. Multiple factors may contribute to ischemia in addition to the presence of a vaso-occlusive crisis or infection. Acute or chronic myocardial ischemia are probably more prevalent than currently known.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1509.0891768483keywords = ventricular dysfunction, dysfunction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/36. Cardiac ischemia during hemolytic uremic syndrome.Increased thrombin generation and impaired fibrinolysis during escherichia coli o157:H7-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) plausibly diminish myocardial blood flow, but the frequency of cardiac ischemia during HUS is unknown. We identified a 9-year-old boy with HUS in whom myocardial diastolic dysfunction was demonstrated by echocardiography, who also had elevated serum troponin-I and creatine kinase MB mass. However, eight additional patients with HUS did not have elevated markers of cardiac injury. When present, elevated troponin-I should be considered to represent myocardial injury, and not attributed simply to renal insufficiency. It is possible that myocardial ischemia and secondary arrhythmias account for some sudden deaths that occur during acute HUS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = dysfunction (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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