1/79. mortality associated with concurrent strongyloidosis and cytomegalovirus infection in a patient on steroid therapy.Disseminated strongyloidosis has been recognized with increasing frequency, often in patients who are immunocompromised or have received steroid therapy. In addition, disease due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) is noted in immunodeficient hosts. We report on a 55-year-old Puerto Rican man who received steroid treatment for orpharyngeal pemphigus vulgaris and developed abdominal symptoms with alternating constipation and diarrhea. The clinical work-up did not reveal specific abnormalities, but the patient died of cardiopulmonary failure. At the postmortem examination, the patient had evidence of strongyloidosis and CMV disease. This report reviews both this case and the literature, and discusses the overlapping infections of strongyloidosis and CMV disease in this patient who had received steroid therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/79. Renal allograft dysfunction associated with cytomegalovirus infection.Renal transplant recipients are at an increased risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which occurs as a primary infection or as a result of reactivation of a latent virus. The main risk factors for symptomatic CMV disease include a CMV-negative recipient of a kidney from a CMV-positive donor (primary infection) and treatment of rejection with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. In this study, we report a renal transplant recipient with multiple risk factors for the development of CMV infection. He developed three episodes of CMV disease; the first was associated with gastrointestinal tract involvement, and the second episode was diagnosed according to surveillance laboratory test results in the absence of symptoms. The third episode was associated with acute allograft dysfunction. The renal transplant biopsy specimen showed viral inclusions without acute rejection or glomerular abnormality. Despite the absence of morphological injury on biopsy, treatment of CMV with ganciclovir was accompanied by an improvement in renal function. Further studies are needed to establish the mechanism of allograft dysfunction in the absence of inflammatory changes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/79. Synchronous herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus esophagitis.Infective esophagitis is a rare disease, affecting mostly immunocompromised patients. Very few cases of a multiple viral infection have been reported. We present a case of combined cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) esophagitis in an 81-year-old female with extracapillary sclerosing glomerulonephritis treated for five months with steroids and chemotherapy. She died of septic shock. At autopsy, erosive and ulcerative esophagitis was found in the distal half of the esophagus. Slides were stained by HE, and the immunohistochemical avidin-biotin method was used to detect HSV and CMV infection. On histological examination of the esophagus, epithelial giant cells with intranuclear viral inclusions showing HSV immunopositivity were found at the margin of the ulcerations. giant cells with intranuclear inclusions with CMV immunopositivity were also found in the mesenchymal cells obtained from the ulcer bed. Long-term immunosuppressive therapy provoked an immune deficiency, evidenced by grave leukopenia and depletion of all bone marrow elements. diagnosis of HSV and CMV esophagitis is important to evaluate the risk of hemorrhage and esophageal perforation in esophagitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/79. The pathology of the temporal bones of a child with acquired cytomegalovirus infection: studies by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and polymerase-chain reaction.STUDY DESIGN: The first case of an acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the inner ear is reported in a 3-year-old girl in remission from acute lymphocytic leukemia. methods: Horizontal sections of the temporal bones were studied by light microscopy and immunohistological staining by avidin-biotin-complex-technique was performed on selected archival sections. Three sections were processed for detection of the virus genome by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: By light microscopy the epithelium of the endolymphatic sac, the utricle and the semicircular canals showed deeply stained acidophilic inclusions and the stria vascularis had a loose structure especially in the intermediate layer. The changes were limited to the non-sensory parts of the labyrinth and no CMV type cells were observed in the organ of corti. There was a loss of inner and outer hair cells and loss of cochlear ganglion cells caused by either the virus or treatment with gentamicin. Standard immunohistochemistry failed to demonstrate staining with CMV antibodies, but PCR, demonstrated CMV-dna in one section. CONCLUSION: Molecular techniques may be able to detect acquired CMV infections in archival pediatric bones temporal bones. The histologic findings in the labyrinth were milder, however showed some similarity to children with congenital CMV labyrinthitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/79. cytomegalovirus infection in systemic necrotizing vasculitis: causative agent or opportunistic infection?We report on a 69-year-old woman who presented with myalgia, hearing impairment, fever, night sweats, weight loss, muscular weakness, paresthesia, hypesthesia, and hypalgesia. sural nerve biopsy showed demyelinative and axonal polyneuropathy due to necrotizing vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis. A positive test for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) with a perinuclear immunofluorescence pattern directed against myeloperoxidase was more suggestive of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) than of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), the possible differential diagnoses. In addition, positive tests for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG) and the detection of CMV-dna in sputum specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were indicative of active CMV infection. Treatment with ganciclovir and anti-CMV immunoglobulin in addition to prednisolone medication for 6 months resulted in rapid improvement of the clinical symptoms without relapse. CMV infection has been described to be related to ANCA-associated vasculitis in non-immunocompromized patients and may be either a causative agent or an opportunistic infection. Identification of a viral etiology in patients with atypical ANCA-associated vasculitides may lead to different, less aggressive treatment approaches, including antiviral therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/79. Infections in patients with immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good syndrome). Report of 5 cases and review of the literature.Immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good syndrome, GS) is a rare, adult-onset condition that is characterized by thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and low numbers of peripheral B cells. CD4 T lymphopenia and an inverted CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio may be present. Here we report 5 patients with GS and infectious complications who were seen at 3 institutions between 1983 and 1999. Three patients had recurrent sinopulmonary infections, 3 had severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, and 1 had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. review of the literature identified 46 other reports of infections in GS patients. The infections reported in all 51 patients included recurrent sinopulmonary infection (19 cases with documented respiratory pathogens), generally with encapsulated bacteria, most often haemophilus influenzae (11 cases); CMV disease (5 cases); bacteremia (7 cases); oral or esophageal candidiasis (6 cases); persistent mucocutaneous candidiasis (5 cases); chronic diarrhea (5 cases with documented stool pathogens); urinary tract infections (4 cases); P. carinii pneumonia (3 cases); tuberculosis (2 cases); Kaposi sarcoma (1 case); disseminated varicella (1 case); candidemia (1 case); wound infection with clostridium perfringens (1 case); mycoplasma arthritis (1 case); and other infections. patients with GS present with a spectrum of sinopulmonary infections and pathogens similar to common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Compared with patients with CVID, opportunistic infections, including severe CMV disease, P. carinii pneumonia, and mucocutaneous candidiasis, appear to be more common in patients with GS, and patients with GS may have a worse prognosis. GS should be ruled out in patients with thymoma or CVID who develop severe, especially opportunistic, infections. Treatment with intravenous immune globulin is recommended for all patients with GS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/79. cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by zygomycosis after unrelated bone marrow transplantation.Invasive zygomycosis is a devastating fungal infection occurring as an opportunistic infection after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). sinusitis can lead to fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients, and cavernous sinus thrombosis, an uncommon condition in immunocompetent patients, typically follows an infection involving the medial third of the face, nose, or paranasal sinuses. patients undergoing unrelated-donor BMT (UD-BMT) are prone to develop life-threatening infections because of poor recovery of cellular immunity. Despite adequate clinical evaluation and treatment, the prognosis of patients with invasive fungal infections is dismal, especially when intracerebral structures are affected. We describe a case of a patient who underwent an UD-BMT and developed cavernous sinus thrombosis after sinusitis due to zygomycosis. Moreover, he also had disseminated fungal (Zygomycetes and aspergillus) and viral (cytomegalovirus and adenovirus) infections.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/79. Loss of cytomegalovirus-specific immunological memory in a patient with thymoma.cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a re-activation infection associated with severely impaired T cell-mediated immunity. We describe a patient with long-standing Crohn's disease and thymoma who developed severe CMV retinitis. While thymoma can be associated with impaired humoral immunity and a quantitative CD4 T helper cell deficiency, these were not evident in our patient. However, more detailed investigation of anti-CMV responses showed absence of specific T cell responses to CMV antigen. Normal CMV seropositive controls have detectable proliferation and interferon-gamma production by T cells in response to stimulation with CMV antigen, but this was absent in this patient both during the acute infection and in convalescence. Other measures of T cell function were normal. Since CMV retinitis is due to reactivation of latent CMV infection, it appears that selective loss of CMV-specific immunity had occurred, perhaps secondary to a thymoma. The causes of thymoma-associated immune impairment are not understood, but this case demonstrates that selective defects can occur in the absence of global T cell impairment. opportunistic infections should therefore be suspected in patients with thymoma even in the absence of quantitative immune deficiencies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.85384287004694keywords = cytomegalovirus, retinitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/79. Disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in Crohn's disease following anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy.This case report describes a 63-year-old woman with a 15-year history of Crohn's disease. After a severe relapse with colitis she was treated with immunosuppressive agents, including an increased dosage of corticosteroids, azathioprine and a single dose of infliximab (anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha). This led to a brief improvement, which was followed by worsening diarrhoea, fever and skin lesions. Biopsies from upper and lower endoscopies and from an ulcerative skin lesion revealed cytomegalovirus vasculitis in all the tissues removed. The patient improved slowly by withdrawal of the immunosuppressives and with anti-viral therapy. Whenever patients with inflammatory bowel disease deteriorate rapidly, cytomegalovirus infection should be ruled out before the immunosuppressive therapy is fortified.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/79. Disseminated cytomegalovirus disease as a cause of prolonged fever in a bullous pemphigoid patient under systemic steroid therapy.We present the first reported case of disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) in association with prednisone therapy in bullous pemphigoid (BP). A 66-year-old black male patient was admitted to our hospital presenting cutaneous pruritic lesions represented by tense blisters, with serous content on the arms, abdomen and legs. Laboratory findings confirmed the diagnosis of BP. After two weeks of prednisone therapy, the patient developed prolonged fever, which was caused by CMV disseminated disease, with prompt clinical recovery after ganciclovir administration.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cytomegalovirus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |