1/40. Familial cerebellar hypoplasia and pancytopenia without chromosomal breakages.Two siblings manifested a neuro-haematologic syndrome characterised by low birth weight, failure to thrive, chronic persistent tongue ulceration, severe truncal ataxia and pancytopenia without either telangiectasia or chromosomal instability. One sibling died from sepsis and the cerebellum demonstrated reduced cellularity of the molecular and granular layers with relative preservation of purkinje cells and minimal gliosis. A surviving sibling has shown haematologic progression to a myelodysplastic disorder. There was no evidence of any chromosomal instability following exposure of fibroblasts and lymphocytes to irradiation. monosomy-7 was not present in the surviving sibling. We suspect that these two patients represent another example of the rare Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome and we are currently engaged in very close monitoring of the surviving sibling for evidence of any karyotypic abnormality.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = breakage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/40. Persisting bone marrow aplasia following interferon-alpha combined with ara-C for chronic myelogenous leukemia.A 37-year-old man with a newly diagnosed chronic myelogenous leukemia received induction therapy with hydroxyurea and interferon-alpha, and maintenance therapy with low-dose ara-C and interferon-alpha. Subsequent to a rapid hematological remission, a continuously aggravating pancytopenia with bone marrow aplasia developed which persisted after withdrawal of maintenance therapy. bone marrow examination exhibited aplastic areas and residual hematopoiesis with impaired maturation; cytogenetically, there was a 100% persistence of philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases. By allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, a complete reconstitution of hematopoiesis was achieved.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.038557381657278keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/40. Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome.We report on a Mexican girl who developed cerebellar ataxia at age 3 years and pancytopenia at age 13 years. Cerebral computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed evidence of severe cerebellar atrophy. Telangiectasias were not present; immunoglobulins and alpha-fetoprotein levels were normal. Cytogenetic studies showed no evidence of spontaneous chromosome aberrations, a normal rate of diepoxybutane (DEB) and mitomycin C (MMC)-induced chromosome aberrations, but an increased response to bleomycin. The phenotype support the diagnosis of ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome, although monosomy of chromosome 7 was not found in bone marrow. The cytogenetic studies suggest that this may be a chromosomal instability disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.11567214497183keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/40. Prolonged bone marrow failure with monosomy 7 after engraftment failure following bone marrow transplantation.A patient with acute myelogenous leukemia developed prolonged bone marrow failure along with the monosomy 7 chromosome abnormality. The patient had undergone bone marrow transplantation with CD34 selection following induction failure. However, she then suffered engraftment failure and long-term pancytopenia. Her white blood cell count gradually increased with supportive therapy including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and chromosomal analysis of bone marrow cells revealed an abnormal karyotype. Thirty months after the bone marrow transplantation we observed monosomy 7 together with the existing chromosomal abnormality in the patient's bone marrow cells. It has been reported that some patients with idiopathic and posthepatitis aplastic anemia develop clonal disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia with monosomy 7. The findings in our case suggest that the appearance of monosomy 7 in patients with aplastic anemia may be caused by prolonged low-level hematopoiesis, with or without G-CSF stimulation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.038557381657278keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/40. Myelodysplastic syndrome progresses rapidly into erythroleukemia associated with synchronous double cancers of the stomach and the papilla of Vater.patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) show a relatively high incidence of developing cancers. However, it is extremely rare that synchronous double cancers develop in an MDS patient. We report a case of MDS that progressed rapidly into erythroleukemia (M6 by French-American-British classification) complicated by gastric cancer and carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. A 66-year-old man was admitted because of pancytopenia with peripheral blasts. A diagnosis of MDS (with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation [RAEB-T]) was made by bone marrow examination. Chromosome analysis revealed 46,XY. An early gastric cancer was also diagnosed by endoscopic examination. The peripheral blasts gradually proliferated and the disease progressed to M6. A chromosome abnormality 46,XY,del(1)(q42) was detected at the leukemic transformation. A CAG (low-dose cytarabine and aclarubicin in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) regimen was started as a remission-induction therapy. However, obstructive jaundice developed and a marked dilatation of bile ducts was observed by abdominal computed tomography (CT). A carcinoma of the papilla of Vater was detected by endoscopy. As remission was achieved and the pancytopenia improved, the patient subsequently underwent a surgical jejuno-choledochostomy to manage the jaundice. However, the leukemia relapsed thereafter and additional chromosome abnormalities including der(5)t(5;10)(p15:q11) were observed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.077114763314556keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/40. Griscelli syndrome: rare neonatal syndrome of recurrent hemophagocytosis.Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare inherited disease characterized by immunodeficiency and partial albinism. The microscopic findings of the skin and hair are highly suggestive of the disease. The GS locus colocalizes on chromosome 15q21 with the myosin-Va gene (MYO5a), and mutations have been identified in few patients. We describe a 2-month-old Hispanic girl with severe pancytopenia secondary to hemophagocytosis. Even though a mutation at the Griscelli locus had not been identified, her clinical features and outcome were typical of GS. The purpose of this article is to alert physicians to the association between GS and hemophagocytosis. We suggest that GS should be considered in infants with hemophagocytosis because the features of partial albinism can be subtle. The relevant literature is summarized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.038557381657278keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/40. Girl with combined cellular immunodeficiency, pancytopenia, malformations, deletion 11q23.3 --> qter, and trisomy 8q24.3 --> qter.We describe here a 3-year-old girl demonstrating combined cellular immunodeficiency of B- and T-cells, pancytopenia, multiple anomalies, and severe mental retardation. cytogenetic analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated an unbalanced translocation of chromosomes 8q and 11q, resulting in monosomy 11q23.3-qter and trisomy 8q24.3-qter. The association of cellular immunodeficiency and partial deletion 11q and/or partial trisomy 8q has not been described previously; however, the 11q deletion has been reported with humoral immunodeficiency or pancytopenia. Some one-third to one-half of patients with partial monosomy 11q were reported to have pancytopenia, which has been related to the absence of the 11q23-q24 region. Our case narrows down the critical interval for thrombo- or pancytopenia to 11q23.3-q24 and excludes both the ATM (which resides on 11q23.1) and the MLL genes as possible candidate genes. We are proposing that haploinsufficiency of the NFRKB gene on 11q24-q25 and/or the ETS-1 proto-oncogene on 11q24 may have caused or contributed to the immunodeficiency (decreased levels of B- and t-lymphocytes) in our patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.038557381657278keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/40. The role of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in a myelodysplastic syndrome secondary to congenital deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4.OBJECTIVE: myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by peripheral cytopenia and ineffective hematopoiesis. In adult-onset MDS and in certain inherited marrow failure syndromes, apoptosis is increased and is mediated mainly through activation of the Fas pathway. It is unclear whether the various myelodysplastic disorders share the same apoptosis pathways. I investigated apoptosis pathways in a patient with refractory cytopenia with ring sideroblasts associated with congenital 4p deletion to determine the mechanism for bone marrow failure. methods: Marrow cells and lymphoblast cell lines generated from peripheral blood were analyzed for apoptosis and protein expression by flow cytometry, Western blot, and confocal microscopy, either directly or after gamma irradiation (15 G). Cell viability after treatment with inhibitors of specific apoptosis pathways was also determined. RESULTS: Compared to controls, the patient's marrow and lymphoblastoid cells showed significantly higher apoptosis rates and activation of caspase-3. Investigation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway showed a consistent pro-apoptosis profile, namely, upregulation of Bax, Bax-alpha, cytochrome c, and Apaf1, and low bcl-2. Differences between the patient's and the normal cells were further accentuated after irradiation; p53 expression was strikingly higher in the patient only after irradiation. In contrast, Fas and FADD expression on the patient's and the control's cells were comparable. Addition of caspase 3 or caspase 9 inhibitors markedly increased patient cell viablity, but blocking anti-Fas antibody did not. CONCLUSION: The ineffective hematopoiesis in this case is explained by increased apoptosis and is linked to hyperactivation of the mitochondrial cell death machinery and not to the Fas pathway, which might be secondary to an intramitochondrial defect. This information is crucial because the development of anti-apoptotic agents for the treatment of MDS may not be universally efficacious and should target the specific derangement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.15422952662911keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/40. Squamous cutaneous epithelial cell carcinoma in two CML patients with progressive disease under imatinib treatment.Imatinib (glivec), formerly known as STI571) effectively blocks the ATP-binding site of the bcr/abl fusion protein thereby inactivating selectively the tyrosine kinase activity of bcr/abl. Therefore, it is a promising drug in philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia showing high hematologic and cytogenetic response rates combined with a mild toxicity profile. Here we report two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, which appeared in the photo-exposed areas in two elderly patients treated for advanced chronic myeloid leukemia with imatinib. The role of chemotherapy, chronic sun exposure and of possible additional risk factors such as human papillomavirus infection is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.038557381657278keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/40. Portal hypertension in williams syndrome: report of two patients.Williams or Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a developmental disorder with multisystemic manifestations characterized by distinctive facial features, mental disability with unique cognitive and personality profiles, vascular stenoses, growth retardation, and occasional infantile hypercalcemia, caused by haploinsufficiency for genes deleted in chromosome band 7q11.23. However, with the exception of arterial stenoses caused by haploinsufficiency for the elastin gene (ELN), no specific implication of any other gene in the phenotype has been established. We present two patients with portal hypertension leading to splenomegaly and pancytopenia carrying the common 1.5 Mb WBS deletion. We propose this is an additional severe vascular complication of ELN deficiency and discuss the specific characteristics of the portal venous tract that could explain the impact of ELN deficiency in that venous territory. This complication is potentially lethal and should thus be considered in any patient with WBS and splenomegaly.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.038557381657278keywords = chromosome (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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