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1/21. Spectrum of abdominal and pelvic infections caused by pneumococci in previously healthy adult women.

    Eleven cases of pneumococcal infection of abdominal and pelvic origin that occurred in previously healthy adults are described. All cases occurred in women who were admitted to a county hospital in norway with acute abdominal symptoms such as pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Explorative laparotomy was performed in eight patients. Three patients had diffuse peritonitis and seven cases were classified as pelvic inflammatory disease; five of these seven patients had pelvic peritonitis. All patients but one were treated with antibiotics, and all survived without long-term sequelae. Although abdominal and genital infections caused by pneumococci are rare, their potential occurrence should not be neglected.
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2/21. pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected IUD associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. A case report.

    BACKGROUND: While pelvic infection is known to be an infrequent complication of intrauterine device (IUD) use, infections are usually related to microorganisms introduced at the time of insertion or by sexual contact. CASE: We diagnosed a 35-year-old woman with an IUD for 6 years with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and implemented antibiotic therapy. Her clinical course worsened, and exploratory surgery revealed a right tuboovarian abscess with multiple loculated pelvic abscesses. culture of the IUD found heavy growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSION: P aeruginosa has not previously been described in association with infections of the upper female genital tract. Double coverage with appropriate antipseudomonal agents is essential for proper treatment of pseudomonal infections.
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3/21. Value of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in gynecologic infections.

    The ESR remains a valuable test in gynecology, specifically when obtained sequentially in cases of pelvic infection. It is nonspecific but has much merit in assessing prognosis and therapeutic measures. In conjunction with laparoscopy and diagnostic ultrasound it plays an important part in the evaluation of abdominal and pelvic infections.
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4/21. Ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess as a complication of IVF treatment: clinical, ultrasonographic and histopathologic findings. A case report.

    Tuboovarian abscess is a rare complication of IVF treatment, which can be lethal on rupture. Hereby, we present a case of a ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess, following transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval for IVF and transcervical embryo trasfer in a 38-year-old white female patient with five years of primary infertility who underwent aspiration of bilateral hydrosalpinges at the time of oocyte retrieval. This case suggests that the reactivation of latent pelvic infection due to a previous pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was the possible route of infection after transvaginal ultrasound-directed follicle aspiration--transcervical embryo transfer. We conclude that physicians should consider the diagnosis of tubo-ovarian abscess in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, fever and leukocytosis after ovum retrieval and transcervical embryo transfer for IVF treatment. Preservation of the uterus and unaffected uterine adnexa should be attempted in such cases if future pregnancy is desired.
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5/21. retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to actinomycosis with no intrauterine device.

    BACKGROUND: Actinomycotic pelvic infection usually occurs in the presence of an intrauterine device. It can result in pelvic inflammatory disease, tubo-ovarian abscess, and retroperitoneal fibrosis. CASE: A 35-year-old multipara who had never used an intrauterine device presented with a 5-month history of progressively worsening, colicky, right-sided abdominal pain, dysuria, weight loss, and constipation. She was found to have retroperitoneal fibrosis. The diagnosis of actinomycotic pelvic infection was made at laparotomy. CONCLUSION: actinomycosis may be considered in the differential diagnosis of women with retroperitoneal fibrosis, even when there is no history of an intrauterine device.
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6/21. Beta hemolytic streptococcus group f causing pelvic inflammatory disease in a 14-year-old girl.

    BACKGROUND: pelvic inflammatory disease in prepubertal and non-sexually active adolescents is rare and poorly understood. Various organisms have been named as causative agents in adolescent pelvic infections. early diagnosis and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease in young girls is imperative to future fertility and long term sequela. CASE: We present a 14-year-old, menarchal, non-sexually active female with a 3-week history of abdominal pain and fever. Surgical exploration and cultures revealed Stage IV pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Beta streptococcus Group F. CONCLUSION: Various organisms including streptococcal infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease in young girls without risk factors.
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7/21. Pelvic abscess complicating transcervical embryo transfer.

    A severe pelvic infection resulting in a tuboovarian abscess after transcervical embryo transfer is reported. The case is unique in that the recipient was an agonadal woman who had not undergone prior transvaginal aspiration. Although rare, pelvic infection after embryo transfer may occur in spite of normal precautions.
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8/21. Management of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease with shortwave diathermy. A case report.

    patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are not routinely referred for physical therapy until the condition is found to be resistant to antibiotic therapy. A 39-year-old black woman with an eight-year history of PID was treated with shortwave diathermy (SWD) using a modified "cross-fire" technique. A thermal dosage treatment lasting between 20 and 30 minutes (for each half of the cross-fire technique treatment) was administered. At the beginning of every treatment session, the patient rated her pain perception on a 10-point ratio scale. The patient received a total of nine treatments, after which she was completely pain free. The results of this case study suggest that SWD may be effective in the management of pelvic infections that are unresponsive to chemotherapy. Further studies using larger sample sizes and a control group, however, are needed before conclusive statements can be made on the relative efficacy of SWD in the management of chronic PID.
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9/21. Perisplenitis and perinephritis in the Curtis-Fitz-Hugh syndrome.

    Four cases of the Curtis-Fitz-Hugh syndrome diagnosed laparoscopically and with microbiological or serological evidence of chlamydial pelvic infection are reviewed. The case histories emphasize the part played by renal angle and left upper quadrant symptoms. In one patient the surface of the spleen was affected by the same classical inflammation normally seen on the surface of the liver. In 3 patients bilateral or left-sided renal angle pain and tenderness constituted the presenting features, or a major manifestation, and in all patients renal tract investigations were entirely normal. The patient with laparoscopic perisplenitis also had perihepatitis and pelvic inflammation, the latter being florid in all cases. Perisplenitis and perinephritis are proposed as possible additional manifestations of this syndrome.
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10/21. Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis: an update.

    Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis is the result of serious pelvic infection usually following obstetric or gynecologic procedures. The management of this condition is of historical interest to the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Tulane, and therefore a retrospective case evaluation and a prospective surveillance were undertaken. This study indicates that septic pelvic thrombophlebitis is seen very rarely today. Possible reasons for the decline in the incidence of this problem and a management plan are presented. Three cases are included.
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