1/10. Menstrual changes in sleep, rectal temperature and melatonin rhythms in a subject with premenstrual syndrome.We studied a sighted woman with premenstrual syndrome who showed menstrual changes in circadian rhythms. She showed alternative phase shifts in the sleep rhythm in the menstrual cycle: progressive phase advances in the follicular phase and phase delays in the luteal phase. Rectal temperature rhythm also showed similar menstrual changes, but the phase advance and delay started a few days earlier than changes in sleep-wake rhythm so that the two rhythms were dissociated around ovulation and menstruation. These results suggest that her circadian rhythms in sleep and temperature are under the control of ovarian steroid hormones and that these two rhythms have different sensitivity to the hormones.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = menstruation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. Perimenstrual psychosis among female adolescents: two case reports and an update of the literature.OBJECTIVES AND methods: Perimenstrual psychosis is an uncommon disorder, not included under the accepted classifications of functional psychoses. Our aim was to describe two Israeli female adolescents who fit this diagnosis. RESULTS: Both youngsters developed an acute psychosis a few days before menstruation, which subsided several days after bleeding, only to reappear in the same form in subsequent cycles. An extensive medical work-up did not show any significant disturbances, with the exception of anovulatory cycles in one youngster. Psychotropic treatment had no effect on the course of the psychosis. Treatment with a combined progesterone/estrogen contraceptive agent in one patient resulted in full recovery within several cycles. The second patient showed a spontaneous remission within four cycles. Follow-up for two to three years indicated a complete remission, with no need to reintroduce any psychotropic agent. CONCLUSIONS: Perimenstrual psychosis may represent a cycloid disorder or an atypical affective disorder, associated with anovulation. The use of psychotropic treatment is considered inconclusive, whereas hormonal agents may prove effective.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = menstruation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. Premenstrual tension syndrome with periodic bulimia nervosa: report of a case and review of the literature.Premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) is well known in its epidemiology, etiology, symptomatology and treatment. However, PMS characterized by bulimic episodes is rare. We report a case of a 20-year-old university student who suffered from uncontrollable binge eating premenstrually for six months before visiting our clinic. She was obese without any other notable family or medical history except the PMS noted for two years. A daily food diary for two consecutive menstrual cycles showed that the mean differences in caloric intake between premenstrual and postmenstrual days of two menstrual cycles were 679 and 703 calories, respectively. The greater peaks in caloric level were noted within the third to fifth days prior to the onset of menstruation. All binge episodes occurred in the premenstrual period, especially within five days prior to menstruation. In this report, we will also review the literature on the relationship between PMS and dietary intake, as well as bulimia nervosa.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = menstruation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. Refractory hypertension in women controlled after identifying and addressing premenstrual syndrome.Control of high blood pressure is usually difficult when there is an unidentified cause or there exist certain factors that blunt the effect of appropriate therapy. premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is neither a known cause of hypertension nor is it listed as one of the factors that blunt effect of antihypertensives. PMS defines a constellation of symptoms confined to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle interfering with individual function but clears after menstruation in the follicular phase. Though there is no consensus yet on its etiopathogenesis, the various models, inconsistent as they are, can initiate or sustain hypertension. The two patients presented had been frustrated by the attitude of their attending physicians who branded them neurotics and the fact that various drug combinations would not control their blood pressure. The classical recurring nature of their symptoms in relation to the menstrual cycle led to the suspicion of and treatment of PMS. With this, it became easy to control their erstwhile "refractory" hypertension. It is, therefore, recommended that history of PMS be sought and attended to, when premenopausal women without evidence of secondary hypertension have high blood pressures that proove difficult to control.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = menstruation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. Drospirenone in the treatment of severe premenstrual cerebral edema in a woman with antiphospholipid syndrome, lateral sinus thrombosis, situs inversus and epileptic seizures.We report herein the case of 32-year-old woman with situs inversus, thrombophilia, antiphospholipid syndrome and severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with cerebral edema and epileptic seizures prior to menstruation. Seven days prior to regular menstruation she developed severe PMS, including headache, blurred vision, epileptic seizures, urinary incontinence, craving for food, depression and irritability. papilledema was detected. Daily hormone analyses prior to and during menstruation confirmed an ovulatory cycle with extremely high progesterone, prolactin and insulin levels in the late luteal phase. From day 29 to day 31, progesterone and insulin decreased sharply and the estradiol/progesterone ratio changed, leading to epileptic seizures and the peak of her symptoms. Diuretic treatment was administered. All symptoms disappeared during the first few days of menstruation. A novel oral contraceptive, containing ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone, an antimineralocorticoid progestogen, was given during the next cycle and hormone analyses were repeated. All symptoms were reduced significantly and no cerebral edema and epileptic seizures occurred. This is the first report of a woman with severe PMS and cerebral edema being treated successfully with an oral contraceptive containing drospirenone.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = menstruation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Premenstrual mood changes in affective disorders.Mood changes during the premenstrual phase have been the focus of considerable research in recent years. Although there has been significant progress in the diagnosis and etiology of major affective disorders, the relation between these disorders and menstrual changes remains controversial. There have been contradictory reports and speculations on women's susceptibility to psychiatric disorders during the premenstrual phase. We describe three patients with a history of mood swings associated with menstruation in whom major affective disorders developed, necessitating intensive psychiatric treatment or admission to hospital. Among women who manifest menstrual mood changes, manic-depressive illness may develop only in a subgroup with genetic predisposition. In such cases the possibility of postpartum mania or depression should be kept in mind in follow-up.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = menstruation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. Recognition and treatment of premenstrual syndrome.premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the title applied to a broad range of physical and psychological symptoms that occur cyclically, usually seven to 14 days prior to the onset of a woman's menstruation, and disappear during menstruation. Although the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome were described more than 50 years ago, recognition of PMS by the medical establishment as a discrete condition, which requires attention and treatment, is a fairly recent development. It is estimated that 30 percent of women experience PMS in a debilitating form at some point in their lifetimes from menarche to menopause. The symptomatology of PMS is varied; it includes such psychological symptoms as irritability, depression, oversensitivity, mood swings and anxiety, in addition to such physical symptoms as water retention, breast tenderness, weight gain and migraines. This broad range of symptoms has increased the difficulty of establishing an etiology for the syndrome, and it is now suggested that there may be several processes at work, each responsible for a different aspect of PMS. Care of the PMS patient by nurse practitioners initially requires acknowledgment of the legitimacy of her condition. A detailed physical examination should be accompanied by careful interviewing to elicit the most complete picture of the patient's experience with PMS. Treatment, which can involve dietary changes, hormone or antigonadotropin administration, must be individualized according to a patient's initial symptomatology and subsequent response. At present, research is in progress which will enhance our understanding and ability to deal with PMS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = menstruation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. A literature review of psychotic symptoms associated with the premenstruum.The proposed DSM-III-R diagnostic category, Late luteal phase Dysphoric Disorder (LLPDD), is a severe form of premenstrual disturbance. Core symptoms include mood lability and dysphoria with no psychotic features. Yet transient psychotic symptoms during the late luteal phase and during menstruation have been noted in the literature for decades. Although good prospective data are lacking, patients with these disturbances may variably be subsumed under diagnostic categories of "atypical psychosis," "periodic psychosis," and "cycloid psychosis." In this article, several patients displaying premenstrual psychoses are described. A review of the literature on psychoses during the menstrual cycle as it relates to the diagnostic criteria for LLPDD follows.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = menstruation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. "Ovarian asthma"-- act or fancy?Hormonal interactions have been suspected of worsening airways dysfunction in a subgroup of female asthmatics. Despite reports of fatal and near-fatal asthma attacks associated with menstruation, there is little consensus about the impact of this biologic function on the clinical expression of asthma. The authors present a young asthmatic female whose episodic and potentially fatal worsening of asthma typically occurred within the days prior to her menses in the absence of other trigger factors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = menstruation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Premenstrual exacerbation of symptoms in multiple sclerosis is attenuated by treatment with weak electromagnetic fields.It has been suspected that hormonal factors contribute to the etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). A direct relationship between MS and endocrine functions is suggested by changes in disease activity during the phases of the menstrual cycle. A subset of women with MS experience premenstrual worsening of symptoms which improve dramatically with the onset of menstruation. The biological mechanisms underlying these changes in disease activity are unexplained but may be related to cyclical fluctuations in gonadal sex steroid hormones, abrupt changes in the activity of the endogenous opioid peptides and fluctuations in plasma melatonin levels which affect neuronal excitability and immune functions. Extracerebral application of weak electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in the picotesla range intensity has been reported efficacious in the treatment of MS with patients experiencing sustained improvement in motor, sensory, autonomic, affective and cognitive functions. The present report concerns two women with chronic progressive stage MS who experienced, coincident with increasing functional disability, regular worsening of their symptoms beginning about a week before menstruation and abating with the onset of menstruation. These symptoms resolved two months after the initiation of treatment with EMFs. The report supports the association between the endocrine system and MS and indicates that brief, extracranial applications of these magnetic fields modifies the activity of neuroendocrine systems which precipitate worsening of MS symptoms premenstrually.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = menstruation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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