1/151. Bilateral periopticointrascleral hemorrhages associated with traumatic child abuse.PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral periopticoscleral hemorrhages associated with traumatic child abuse. methods: Postmortem gross examination and histopathologic studies of both eyes and the optic nerves of a 6-month-old infant who died from subdural hematoma. RESULTS: Gross examination and histopathologic step sections disclosed bilateral intrascleral hemorrhages around both optic nerves. In addition, bilateral diffuse multilayered retinal, vitreous, and sublaminar (beneath the internal limiting membrane) hemorrhages were present. CONCLUSION: Periopticointrascleral hemorrhages are characteristic of blunt head trauma and may constitute important forensic evidence in cases of suspected child abuse.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/151. Central retinal vein occlusion during remission of ulcerative colitis.BACKGROUND: Retinal vascular disease is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis. CASE: We report a patient who developed unilateral nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) (papillophlebitis) without any other retinal vascular disease during remission of ulcerative colitis. OBSERVATIONS: The best-corrected visual acuities were 1.5 OD and 0.7 OS. Dilated and tortuous retinal veins and retinal bleeding were seen in the left eye. macular edema and leakage from the papilla and the retinal veins of the left eye were evident on fluorescein angiography. After increased dosage of systemic prednisolone was prescribed, the retinal vascular changes resulting from CRVO (papillophlebitis) in the left eye gradually abated. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal vascular diseases should be monitored during both remission and activation of intestinal symptoms of ulcerative colitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0027652203757938keywords = edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/151. Natural interferon therapy: optic nerve ischemic damage?The purpose of this study was the evaluation of retinal abnormalities during a treatment with natural interferon (IFN-alpha for chronic hepatitis c. Retinal hemorrhages and optic disk edema were found in a 40-year-old woman during IFN-alpha therapy. The disk edema and retinopathy resolved after the INF was discontinued. Although retinal abnormalities correlated with IFN therapy have been described recently by some authors, the pathogenesis is still unclear. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy occurring in a patient treated with IFN is a probable complication of the therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5710156997391keywords = disk edema, optic disk, optic, disk, edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/151. Recurrent malignant hypertension: a report of two cases and review of the literature.Malignant hypertension (MHT) is a rare and life-threatening condition which is defined clinically as severe hypertension accompanied by bilateral retinal haemorrhages and/or hard exudates, with or without papilloedema. If untreated, the prognosis of MHT is poor. With MHT being a relatively rare condition, it would be unusual to see it on more than one occasion in the same patient. We describe in detail two cases from a disease register of 400 cases of MHT seen in one medical centre over 33 years.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0027652203757938keywords = edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/151. Macular injury by a military range finder.OBJECTIVE: The authors report the clinical findings of a civilian patient who unintentionally looked into the laser beam of a military range finder. Detailed information on the range finder is given. The objective is to illustrate the potential danger of such devices and to give detailed information on the device, the clinical findings associated with exposure, and the laser-tissue interaction mechanism. methods: The patient was examined with fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, microperimetry, and optical coherence tomography, both in the acute stage (2 hours) and 4 weeks later. fluorescein angiography was performed again 4 months later. A total of 100 mg prednisone tapered over 9 days was prescribed. Additionally, 50 microg tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and 0.5 mL pure C2F6 were injected in the vitreous. RESULTS: In the acute phase, hemorrhage was located beneath the retina, primarily beneath the retinal pigment epithelium. Retinal defects as seen initially over the subretinal blood were reduced after 4 weeks, but a retinal defect ranging from the lasered site toward the fovea remained. visual acuity slightly increased from 20/100 to 20/63 after 4 weeks. indocyanine green angiography showed a large hypofluorescent spot in the macula. Four months after the accident, a classic choroidal neovascularization developed, originating from the lasered site. The technical parameters of the range finder were: Nd:YAG laser (1,064 nm), pulse duration 10 ns, beam divergence 1.5 mrad, energy 10 mJ. CONCLUSION: A range finder can produce severe macular injury. The primary laser-tissue interaction mechanism seems to be explosive disruption of choroidal tissue. Intravitreal injection of TPA and C2F6 did not show a clear benefit to such laser lesions. A late complication can be secondary choroidal neovascularization.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.125keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/151. A 12-year ophthalmologic experience with the shaken baby syndrome at a regional children's hospital.PURPOSE: To examine the ophthalmologic experience with the shaken baby syndrome (SBS) at one medical center, including clinical findings, autopsy findings, and the visual outcome of survivors. methods: One hundred sixteen patients admitted from 1987 to 1998 for subdural hematomas of the brain secondary to abuse were included. RESULTS: Retinal hemorrhages were detected in 84% of the children, but this important finding had been missed often by nonophthalmologists. Poor visual response, poor pupillary response, and retinal hemorrhage correlated strongly with demise of the child. One child who died had pigmented retinal scars from previous abuse, a condition not previously observed histopathologically. The clinical and autopsy findings varied somewhat, probably because of the differing conditions for examination. No correlation could be made between computerized tomography scans done during life and the subdural hemorrhage of the optic nerve found on autopsy. Half of the surviving patients were known to have good vision. One fourth of the patients had poor vision, largely due to cerebral visual impairment from bilateral injury posterior to the optic chiasm. Severe neurologic impairment correlated highly with loss of vision. CONCLUSION: This series provides information on the frequency of eye findings in SBS patients. No fundus finding is pathognomonic for SBS. When retinal hemorrhages are found in young children, the likelihood that abuse occurred is very high. The difficulty that nonophthalmologists have in detecting retinal hemorrhage may be an important limiting factor in finding these children so they may be protected from further abuse.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/151. Ocular and cerebral involvement in familial lymphohistiocytosis.A 5-month-old infant girl died of familial lymphohistiocytosis. The central nervous system showed widespread perivascular infiltration of the cerebral pia and arachnoid, the cerebral white matter and deep gray matter, the cerebellum, and brain stem by lymphocytes, benign appearing histiocytes, and macrophages with erythro-and lymphophagocytosis. The eyes had mild infiltration of the anterior uveal tract, moderate involvement of the inner retina, and marked infiltration of the optic nerves by identical cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.125keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/151. High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE): the Denver/Front Range experience.High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a potentially fatal metabolic encephalopathy associated with a time-dependent exposure to the hypobaric hypoxia of altitude. Symptoms commonly are headache, ataxia, and confusion progressing to stupor and coma. HACE is often preceded by symptoms of acute mountain sickness and coupled, in its severe form, with high-altitude pulmonary edema. Although HACE is mostly seen at altitudes above that of the Denver/Front Range visitor-skier locations, we report our observations over a 13-year period of skier-visitor HACE patients. It is believed that this is a form of vasogenic edema, and it is responsive to expeditious treatment with a successful outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.019356542630556keywords = edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/151. Central retinal vein occlusion and hellp syndrome.PURPOSE: To present a rare case of central retinal vein occlusion in conjunction with the hellp syndrome. methods: A 30-year-old woman presented in the 28th week of her second pregnancy with severe pre-eclampsia with hellp syndrome; delivery by caesarean section was recommended. Ten days later, the patient complained of severely decreased visual acuity in her right eye. RESULTS: ophthalmoscopy revealed a central retinal vein occlusion with venous engorgement and tortuosity, multiple flame hemorrhages, and disc and macular edema. electroretinography revealed a reduction of b-wave/a-wave ratio. Fluorescein-angiography showed a blockage due to extensive retinal hemorrhages with late mild staining of the walls of veins. The patient presented a spontaneous improvement in visual acuity (0.8 two months after) and a complete resolution of ophthalmoscopic findings. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmic complications are possible during and soon after this syndrome. This is the first description of a patient suffering a central retinal vein occlusion during puerperium after the hellp syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0027652203757938keywords = edema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/151. Cavernous haemangioma of the retina and optic disc. A report of three cases and a review of the literature.We report characteristics of three cases of cavernous haemangioma of the retina, bringing to 37 the number now reported in the available literature. This rare, benign, congenital malformation is non-progressive, usually unilateral, somewhat more frequent in women, and rarely a source of intraocular haemorrhage. The fluorescein angiographic features include a normal arterial and venous supply, extraordinarily slowed venous drainage, no arterio-venous shunting, no disturbances of vascular permeability, and no secondary retinal exudation. Almost always, isolated clusters of vascular globules with plasma/erythrocyte sedimentation surround the main body of the malformation. These findings differentiate the anomaly from other retinal vascular diseases. Therapeutic intervention is seldom necessary.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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