1/24. herpes zoster in a 7-month-old infant: a case report and review.herpes zoster (HZ) is a cutaneous viral infection of the skin that presents in a dermatomal distribution. It represents reactivation of herpes varicella zoster virus that has continued to exist in a latent form in the neurons of the posterior root ganglia. Although it is rare to see HZ in children, cases have been reported after exposure to varicella zoster in utero or during the first months of life. We present a case of HZ in a healthy 7-month-old girl who had had chickenpox at age 4 months.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/24. Herpes and the head and neck: the difficulties in diagnosis.A case of primary herpes of the head and neck is presented. The exact source of infection and the precise diagnosis proved difficult to establish, but evidence tended to support a diagnosis of varicella zoster infection as opposed to a herpes simplex infection, though a dual infection was not ruled out. herpes simplex has specific clinical features which usually make its distinction from varicella zoster clear cut. In this case we relied heavily on laboratory investigations to improve the accuracy of our diagnosis since the clinical characteristics were blurred. Unlike varicella zoster there has been little written about herpes simplex infections specifically affecting the ear, face and neck.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/24. Herpes incognito.Can a microscopist suspect that telltale histopathologic changes of infection by herpesvirus (varicella, zoster, or simplex) are nearby even when no diagnostic epithelial changes are present in the sections being studied? Punch-biopsy specimens from three patients are presented; in two of those cases herpesvirus infection was not even a clinical consideration. The initial histopathologic sections from these patients did not show changes of herpesvirus infection, but step sections revealed focal diagnostic changes. Atypical lymphocytes were present in each of these cases. When atypical lymphocytes are found in concert with a pattern of an inflammatory-cell infiltrate that does not conform precisely to any well-defined entity, a microscopist should consider that the findings may represent changes near infection by herpesvirus. In addition, we reviewed every case we diagnosed as herpesvirus infection over an 18-month period and found that in just over two thirds of those specimens (32 out of 45 cases), atypical lymphocytes accompanied the characteristic epithelial changes induced by herpesvirus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/24. Histopathologic findings in cutaneous cytomegalovirus infection.When cytomegalovirus (CMV) involves the skin, viral inclusions are typically present within mesenchymal cells, e.g., endothelial cells, fibrocytes, and sometimes within inflammatory cells, e.g., macrophages, in contrast to infection in other organs in which inclusions are usually present within ductal epithelial cells. Two cases of cutaneous CMV are presented, one showing prominent findings within eccrine ductal epithelium and the other revealing mostly endothelial cells affected by CMV. Due to the range of cytologic changes induced by CMV observed in these cases, there seem to be early, fully developed, and late cellular changes brought about by CMV analogous to how herpesvirus (varicella, zoster, simplex) induces different changes depending on its stage of infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/24. Prolonged herpes zoster in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.In 1983, varicella zoster virus (VZV) disease was first recognized in the context of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since that time, there have been many reports discussing the occurrence and clinical manifestations of hepes zoster in HIV-infected patients. We describe the development of prolonged herpes zoster in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) over the course of 104 days. Viral isolates at the three different clinical stages of the skin lesions were sensitive in vitro to acyclovir, and supposed to be a same strain by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. We also discuss an effective treatment for prolonged cases of zoster.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/24. Verrucous lesions secondary to dna viruses in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in association with increased factor xiiia-positive dermal dendritic cells. The Military Medical Consortium of Applied Retroviral research washington, D.C.BACKGROUND: Hyperkeratotic lesions caused by varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, or cytomegalovirus occur in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). We have also observed this type of lesion with molluscum contagiosum. OBJECTIVES: These cases were studied to determine whether there are any pathologic changes unique to these lesions. methods: The cases were studied by routine microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Each case showed changes diagnostic of the viral infection, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical stains for herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus. In the dermis there were fewer inflammatory cells than expected, but there was an increase in factor xiiia-positive dendritic cells. CONCLUSION: Varicella-zoster, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and molluscum contagiosum can cause verrucous lesions in hiv-1-infected patients. These lesions may be related to an increase in factor xiiia-positive dendritic cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/24. Alphafoetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid as a factor suggesting fetal skin and nerve lesions in a case of congenital varicella syndrome.BACKGROUND: prenatal care of pregnant women exposed to varicella skin rash during the first half of pregnancy remains a frequent concern in countries that do not have access to systematic vaccination. The frequency of maternofetal transmission is low. Ultrasound is the usual tool for prenatal survey of exposed fetuses. But many anomalies due to VZV infection are not accessible to ultrasound alone. CASE REPORT: We review a case in which the diagnosis of fetal infection suspected due to transient fetal bowel hyperechogenicity was confirmed in amniotic fluid by molecular biology (PCR). RESULTS: An unusual elevation of alphafoetoprotein in maternal blood and in amniotic fluid was associated with inguinal skin, muscular and nerve destruction. CONCLUSION: In fetuses diagnosed with in utero varicella infection, in addition to a precise diagnosis and follow-up, we suggest that elevated AFP levels in maternal blood and amniotic fluid together with the presence of acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid may be related to lesion of fetal skin and nerves.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/24. Exclusive involvement of folliculosebaceous units by herpes: a reflection of early herpes zoster.The histopathological changes of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and varicella are considered to be indistinguishable from one another. Evaluation of the clinical setting, with adjunctive studies if necessary, generally clarifies the specific diagnosis. Vesicular lesions in all three conditions can involve epidermal and adnexal epithelium with characteristic cytopathic features. We describe three patients with non-vesicular eruptions on the head and neck whose biopsies revealed exclusive folliculosebaceous involvement by herpes. All three patients developed typical herpes zoster within days of the biopsy. There is compelling scientific evidence in the literature indicating that, in herpes zoster, the virus is transported from dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia via myelinated nerves to the skin. These terminate at the isthmus of hair follicles and primary infection of follicular and sebaceous epithelium occurs. Spread of infection to the epidermis follows. In contrast, data pertaining to recurrent herpes simplex indicates that axonal transport of the virus from sensory ganglia to the skin is directed primarily to the epidermis, via terminal non-myelinated nerve twigs. The clinical evolution of our three cases and scientific data in the literature indicate that exclusive folliculosebaceous involvement by herpes, in the setting of a non-vesicular eruption, represents early herpes zoster.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/24. Concurrent verrucous and varicelliform rashes following renal transplantation.Verrucous rashes associated with varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection are well recognized in HIV infection. Seen rarely in transplant patients, no histologically confirmed case has been published in the transplant setting. We now report chronic, localized, verrucous VZV in a renal transplant recipient presenting with cutaneous dissemination. This case highlights the need to consider chronic VZV infection in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions even in the VZV seronegative transplant recipient without substantial exposure to antiviral agents.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/24. Dermatomal vesicular eruption in an asymptomatic infant.We present a case of infantile herpes zoster without clinical evidence of varicella infection in the mother or apparent exposure in the child; our patient's diagnosis was confirmed by serology and by Tzanck smear. We briefly review the etiopathogenesis factors of this condition. We emphasize the benign course and spontaneous uneventful resolution.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = varicella (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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