1/3. Traumatic basilar artery occlusion caused by a fracture of the clivus--case report.A 56-year-old man presented with a rare traumatic basilar artery occlusion caused by a fracture of the clivus. He fell from the height of 2 meters and immediately fell into a coma. head computed tomography (CT) revealed an open depressed fracture, an acute epidural hematoma 1 cm thick in the left middle frontal fossa, and a longitudinal fracture of the clivus. Emergency removal of the hematoma was performed with cranioplasty. head CT 8 hours 50 minutes after injury showed infarctions in the brain stem, cerebellum, and occipital lobes. cerebral angiography revealed occlusion of the basilar artery in the middle part of the clivus. The patient died after 3 days. autopsy revealed that the basilar artery was trapped in the clivus fracture site. Vertebrobasilar artery occlusion due to trapping in a clivus fracture has a very poor prognosis. diagnosis is difficult and generally only confirmed at autopsy. cerebral angiography is recommended in a patient in a deep coma without massive brain contusion at the early stage of head injury to identify the possibility of vertebrobasilar artery occlusion in a clivus fracture.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/3. Posttraumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Posttraumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is a rare complication of maxillofacial trauma and is seldom discussed in the literature. Motor vehicle accidents, falls, and other crush injuries contribute to the incidence of basilar skull fractures and the formation of fistulae. When injuries occur in the vessel wall, the carotid artery has the potential to fill the low-pressure cavernous sinus. The symptoms include chemosis, proptosis, pulsating exophthalmos, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, orbital pain, audible bruits, and blindness. methods AND MATERIALS: The conventional treatments include carotid ligation and embolization. These techniques have often proved to be ineffective. A new method--the occlusive balloon technique--has been developed and is described in this article. A clinical case is used to illustrate the procedure. RESULTS AND/OR CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of balloon catheters provides a minimally invasive technique to treat patients, without significant morbidity or mortality. The procedure is found to be successful and predictable.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.11111111111111keywords = artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/3. carotid-cavernous sinus fistula: a case study.Carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae are rare, but serious, vascular anomalies which may develop following traumatic injury to the skull base. Fractures or the shearing forces of severe head trauma may cause the internal carotid artery to be torn from its points of dural attachment and rupture, with resultant direct flow into the cavernous sinus. Current treatment options for carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae are surgery and coil embolization, with embolization being the most common. Clinicians and nurses treating patients with these injuries should have an understanding of this vascular entity, because prompt intervention helps to prevent permanent disability and improve patient outcomes. This case study reports the diagnosis and treatment of a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula that developed several months after a traumatic head injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.11111111111111keywords = artery (Clic here for more details about this article) |