11/326. Apraxia of speech associated with an infarct in the precentral gyrus of the insula.It has been postulated that the precentral gyrus in the left insula is responsible for co-ordination of speech. We report a patient with this disturbance who showed an acute infarct limited to this region.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/326. Muscular reconstruction to improve the deterioration of facial appearance and speech caused by mandibular atrophy: technique and case reports.One of the consequences of severe mandibular atrophy is the loss of attachment of the facial muscles that originate from the alveolar process and basal bone. Another is a loss of vestibular depth and reduction in the width of the attached gingiva. The result is reduced ability to chew, a changed and aged appearance, difficulties with pronunciation, and a reduced range of expressions. The traditional goal of treatment has been to improve the ability to chew. We describe a technique by which all these functions can be improved by a combination of insertion of implants and functional reconstruction of the facial muscles and position of the lips. When the muscles are repositioned, the buccal vestibule is deepened, and the incidence of gingival hyperplasia and infrabony pockets along the posts is eliminated. This treatment, which also rejuvenates the face and improves the ability to speak, should help to overcome the loss of self-confidence and self-esteem of these patients by improving their quality of life.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.8keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/326. Growth retardation, distinct oriental-like facies, glaucoma, brachydactyly, ventricular septal defect and speech disorder. An unknown entity.A caucasian boy with distinct oriental-like facies, short stature, brachydactyly, congenital ventricular septal defect, glaucoma, and speech disorder is reported. Routine laboratory tests, karyotype, and hormonal profile (IGF 1, growth hormone during provocative testing, thyroid hormones, prolactin, gonadotrophins) were normal. Radiologic skeletal survey did not disclose any abnormality. Both parents were apparently normal, but short in stature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/326. Investigation of a cryptic interstitial duplication involving the Prader-Willi/angelman syndrome critical region.A 3-year-old female referred with developmental delay, hypotonia and seizures was found to have a cryptic interstitial duplication of the Prader-Willi/Angelman critical region (PWACR). Her clinical features form part of a common phenotype characteristic of PWACR duplications including developmental delay, behavioural problems and speech difficulties. Microsatellite analysis showed that the duplication had arisen de novo, was maternal in origin and involved the entire 4-Mb PWACR between the common deletion breakpoints. The existence of cryptic rearrangements emphasises the need for molecular tests alongside conventional cytogenetics when investigating abnormalities involving this imprinted region.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/326. Repeated superiorly based pharyngeal flap operation for persistent velopharyngeal incompetence.A secondary pharyngeal flap procedure, superimposed, on the primary flap, is described after having successfully improved the speech of the three patients on whom it has been used. The raising of a secondary flap is made possible by the fact that minimal scarring occurs from previous pharyngeal flap surgery and also because of the presence of a muscle layer. The combination of factors leading to further reduction in the size of the velopharyngeal lumen is discussed. This operation offers some measure of hope for the not insignificant number of patients who have been left with poor speech after pharyngeal flap surgery and supports the recent work of Cosman and Falk (2).- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/326. Effects of facial paralysis and audiovisual information on stop place identification.This study investigated how listeners' perceptions of bilabial and lingua-alveolar voiced stops in auditory (A) and audiovisual (AV) presentation modes were influenced by articulatory function in a girl with bilateral facial paralysis (BFP) and a girl with normal facial movement (NFM). The fuzzy logic Model of perception (FLMP) was used to make predictions about listeners' identifications of stop place based on assumptions about the nature (clear, ambiguous, or conflicting) of the A or AV cues produced by each child during /b/ and /d/ CV syllables. As predicted, (a) listeners' identification scores for NFM were very high and reliable, regardless of presentation mode or stop place, (b) listeners' identification scores for BFP were high for lingua-alveolar place, regardless of presentation mode, but more variable and less reliable than for NFM; significantly lower (overall at a chance level) for bilabial place in the A mode; and lowest for bilabial place in the AV mode. Conflicting visual cues for stop place for BFP's productions of /bV/ syllables influenced listeners' perceptions, resulting in most of her bilabial syllables being misidentified in the AV mode. F2 locus equations for each child's /bV/ and /dV/ syllables showed patterns similar to those reported by previous investigators, but with less differentiation between stop place for BFP than NFM. These acoustic results corresponded to the perceptual results obtained. (That is, when presented with only auditory information, on average, listeners perceived BFP's target /b/ syllables to be near the boundary between /b/ and /d/.)- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.4822306521764E-5keywords = perception (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/326. An instrument for the multiparameter assessment of speech.This paper describes the development of SNORS , a clinical, user-friendly instrument for measurement of the articulators during speech. The design criteria for the instrument were based upon a wide-ranging review of current practice and available techniques. SNORS allows objective assessment of the function and co-ordination of key articulators. Appropriate targeting of therapy is therefore possible. Visual feedback is provided, for therapy, and an objective measurement of outcome is easily obtained. Preliminary results are presented. These suggest that the instrument will prove extremely useful in the assessment and management of many speech disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/326. Transient speech compromise following sublabial transsphenoidal surgery: a case report and findings of a small preliminary study.Sublabial transsphenoidal surgical removal of pituitary tumors is a common procedure with minimal complications. Although many investigators have reported oral sensory compromises following surgery, none has reported any postoperative compromise in speaking ability. In this article, we describe the case of a 33-year-old woman who developed transient but severe speech symptoms after she underwent sublabial transsphenoidal surgery. This case prompted us to undertake a brief retrospective analysis of our experience with this procedure in other patients, which revealed that speech compromise is far more common than heretofore realized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/326. Foreign Accent Syndrome following a catastrophic second injury: MRI correlates, linguistic and voice pattern analyses.A case study of Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS) is presented with discussion of anatomical localization of injury and comparisons of pre- and postinjury linguistic, phonetic, and acoustic speech characteristics. Because the patient's injury and symptoms were unrelated to previously injured left frontal cortex, and in light of another case history (Moonis et al., 1996), we suggest that FAS has a primary subcortical involvement. We also show that this case is accompanied by a deficit in linguistic, but not affective, prosodic expression. We agree that the "foreign" quality of the FAS speech is a perceptual impression of the listener and not inherent in the patient's vocalization. Finally, we suggest a battery of tests for future FAS cases to further our study and understanding of the syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/326. Auditory neuropathy: case study with hyperbilirubinemia.Auditory neuropathy (AN) has been described in the literature as presenting with a combination of audiometric findings that include elevated behavioral audiometric thresholds, auditory brainstem response findings that are not consistent with audiometric findings, poor speech recognition, and present otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and/or cochlear microphonics. Since the availability of clinical OAE testing, AN has come to be identified with increasing frequency; however, incidence and prevalence figures are unavailable. There is a great deal of discussion about the accurate diagnosis of AN, its characteristics, and its treatment. Some of this discussion is occurring on the internet and over the telephones. The need to continue to provide information in accessible peer-reviewed journals is paramount. Following a review of the literature, a case study is presented of a boy who was diagnosed with AN as a newborn. He experienced hyperbilirubinemia and other neonatal health complications. His educational intervention was managed elsewhere until recently. Information is presented about the progression of the case over a 5-year period that includes audiologic data and communication development results.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = speech (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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